Subjects studied three lists of words using a high- or low-organization mnemonic strategy, so that the two groups might differ in organizational (list) information but acquire about equal frequency (occurrence) information. It was predicted that organizational information would be used in recognition decisions. (Editor/RK)

An overt rehearsal procedure was used to investigate the relationship between children's rehearsal strategies and free recall performance. Subjects were 72 third- and 72 sixth-grade children. Investigated were the effects of increased processing time and rehearsal training upon recall. (MS)

A total of 12 second- and fifth-graders' semantic decision times for pictures and words were analyzed relative to the predictions derived from unitary- and dual-memory models. (MS)

The guessing-bias and proactive interference hypotheses of the Ranschburg Effect were investigated by giving three groups different instructions as to guessing during recall. Results failed to support the prediction that the effect should be reduced or eliminated on shift trials. Neither hypothesis received significant support. (CHK)

Presents a speed-accuracy tradeoff method for studying the dynamics of memory retrieval in recall that may be useful in studying the relationship between recall and recognition. Describes the method and uses it to compare retrieval dynamics in recall and recognition as a function of the presence or absence of associative inference. (Author/RK)

The two-process theory of detection, search, and attention presented by Schneider and Shiffrin (1977) is tested and extended in a series of experiments. The studies demonstrate the qualitative difference between two modes of information processing: automatic detection and controlled search. A general framework for human information processing is…

A study examined the effects of overt phonologic impairment on the phonological awareness, verbal working memory, and letter knowledge of 29 children with phonologic impairment and 16 controls (ages 3-6). Children with phonologic impairment performed significantly worse on tasks of verbal working memory, phoneme segmentation, and letter…

Discusses how treatment of memory disorders resulting from traumatic brain injury must extend beyond intervention strategies focusing on deficit reduction to embrace models centering on disability reduction. Disability oriented approaches that emphasize rehearsal and encoding strategies and the use of memory aids are described. (Author/CR)

Computer procedures were taught with either interactive multimedia CD-ROMs or manuals to 46 adults aged 60-74 and 46 aged 75-89. The younger group made fewer errors, required less help, and took less time. Both groups forgot some facts and procedures over time. Format did not affect performance. Spatial and verbal memory, text comprehension, and…

Studies memory for rote linguistic sequences and sensitivity to rhyme in young children with and without specific language impairment (SLI). Findings indicate that children with SLI have difficulty storing and/or retrieving lines of memorized text. Traditional teaching techniques for teaching rote linguistic sequences may need to be modified for…

Studied the recollections of preschool day care experiences of 60 early adolescents who participated in the Victoria Day Care Research Project in the early 1980s. Found that 87% remembered day care experiences. Females remembered relationships more than males. Naptime was remembered as tedious and unnecessary. The majority of remembered emotions…

Research on humans and monkeys is reviewed that supports the view that the medial temporal lobe, and, perhaps more specifically the amygdala, is the neural substrate underlying social deficits in autism. The relationship of early medial temporal lobe lesions to memory and socioemotional behavior is reviewed, as are the roles of the amygdala and…

Compared two-month old's abilities to detect changes in word order for sequences spoken as a well-formed sentence versus two unrelated, but well-formed, sentence fragments. Results suggest that infants are able to remember the order of spoken words when they are embedded within the coherent prosodic structure of a single well-formed sentence. (HTH)

Measured cognitive processing time, imagery skill, and spatial memory span of 128 children and adults, ages 8 to 20 years. Found that performance on spatial memory span tasks was largely predicted by imagery skill, which in turn was strongly linked to processing time; age was much less of a predictor in both cases. (EAJ)

This study investigated the retention of stories by 20 children with mild mental retardation (MMR), 28 with learning disabilities, and 38 typical children (ages 10-13). The children with MMR recalled less than others, but all recalled story content with many connections on the causal chain better than content off the causal chain. (CR)