Describes the development of learning companion systems and their contributions to the class of social learning systems that integrate artificial intelligence agents and use machine learning to tutor and interact with students. Outlines initial social learning projects, their programming languages, and weakness. Future improvements will include…

Maintains that diagnosis, explanation, and tutoring, the functions of an interactive learning environment, are collaborative processes. Examines how human-computer interaction can be improved using a distributed cognition framework. Discusses situational and distributed knowledge theories and provides a model on how they can be used to redesign…

Details the characteristics of the seven multiple intelligences and promotes a systematic approach to teaching that strives to meet individual needs of children. Provides specific teaching tools and strategies, including active learning centers, to support the development of each intelligence area and expose children to varied ways of learning.…

A meta-analysis of 30 studies found the following learner characteristics influenced the treatment responsiveness of early literacy interventions: rapid naming; problem behavior; phonological awareness; alphabetic principle; memory; IQ; and demographics. With the exception of the demographic category, the obtained effect sizes for the primary…

The contributions of receptive vocabulary scores, maternal responsiveness, and maternal directiveness to the prediction of verbal IQ and reading over a 5 1/2-year period were investigated. Receptive vocabulary scores of 543 low-birthweight children at 36 months accounted for the major portion of the variation. Maternal responsiveness added…

Examined 4-year-olds for effects on IQ of prenatal cocaine exposure, exposure to other substances, risk factors, and neonatal medical problems. Found that maternal verbal IQ and low environmental risk predicted child IQ. Cocaine exposure negatively predicted children's overall IQ and verbal reasoning scores for boys only. Maternal harsh…

Describes two activities (domain projects and process portfolios), used in a middle school setting, exemplifying a multiple intelligence (MI) approach to art. Proposes a format for infusing MI into art instruction at all grade levels. (DAJ)

This study of 90 academically gifted 12th graders found positive relationships among actual leadership, past leadership, and leadership skills; between peer and teacher rankings of leadership; and between IQ and leadership skills. Males scored significantly higher than females on past leadership behavior and task orientation leadership style. (CR)

Interviewed about favorite TV characters, 91% of boys and 53% of girls ages 7-12 chose same-sex favorites. For male characters, wishful identification was predicted by intelligence and (for girls only) humor; parasocial interaction was predicted by intelligence, attractiveness, and (for boys only) strength. For female characters (chosen only by…

Administered an ability scale to 53 children identified as having a learning disability approximately three years after each had been administered an intelligence scale. Results indicate that the ability scale correlated highly with the intelligence test. Differences in scores in specific measures were nonsignificant. Other findings are discussed.…

This book focuses on topics germane to cognitive abilities viewed from a "minority psychology" perspective. The most contentious chapters concern test bias and heredity, with culture, socioeconomic status, and case viewed as the chief explanations for test score differences between social classes and racial and ethnic groups. The reviewer…

A study compared the extent of agreement between parents and professional evaluators regarding the cognitive level of 41 children (ages 2-10) with autism. Significant differences were found. In addition, there was significant correlation between the level of agreement and cognitive functioning; agreement increased as the level of cognitive…

A study involving 158 college students with learning disabilities who were granted foreign language course substitutions found there were few cognitive and academic achievement differences among students with differing levels of IQ-achievement or achievement-achievement discrepancy on Modern Language Aptitude Test and American College Testing…

Young adults with (n=34) and without (n=41) mental retardation completed a sequence-learning and identification task. For some, sequences were constructed following an artificial grammar. Explicit learning was determined by ability to learn and identify random sequences, implicit learning by the tendency to identify incorrectly new grammatical…

This article examines the possible meaning of the construct "emotional intelligence". Two case studies of adolescent males are presented and indicate that emotional intelligence has a significant impact not only on the qualitative level of intelligence actualization but also on the quantitative level of intelligence measurement and…