Study 1 (n=40) examined the influence of time delay on decisions between paying student fees and receiving scholarships; greater time discounting occurred for positive outcomes. Study 2 compared 13 expert career counselors with 22 novices, finding no difference in degree of discounting their own job preferences. However, experts assessed the…

States that student affairs administrators must choose wisely between increasing reliance on legal minimalism and a more reflective judgment model that can evolve toward a model of unified practice balancing policy and law with developmentally appropriate practices. Offers recommendations concerning the future of student affairs. (Author/MKA)

Investigated 3-, 5-, and 7-year-olds' and adults' integration of information about intentions, acts, and outcomes in moral judgments of psychological harm. Found that participants at all ages judged it wrong to inflict fear or embarrassment on unwilling participants. Younger children tended to use outcome rules when assigning punishment; older…

Reprints the introduction to a past theme issue that discussed library instruction and reference services in academic and public libraries. Topics include library instruction as part of public services; and two main viewpoints of library instruction, one of which believes in its value and one which believes it is unnecessary. (LRW)

A cross-sectional survey of Indiana preschoolers compared their ranking of health as a value relative to selected non-health-related values, noting the effect of demographic variables. Although subjects ranked health as high, it was perceived as less important than rules. Significant group differences were observed for variables of subject race,…

Assessed the moral judgments of 543 subjects, ages 9 to 81 years, to evaluate Gilligan's (1982; Brown, Tappan, and Gilligan 1995) claims that Kohlberg's moral judgment stage is biased against females. Found no support for Gilligan's claim of stage bias, but some support for claim of gender-related moral-oriented differences. (HTH)

Explores a study using a questionnaire that was designed to determine whether public senior high schools operate under a guiding philosophy in regard to student value judgments drawn about cultures or subcultures within the United States. Believes that the results reflected discomfort with and avoidance of the issue rather than a methodological…

Although comparative judgment methods have a number of distinct advantages over ratings, they share one common problem: On the basis of comparative judgments, it is not possible to recover the origin of item evaluations. One item may be judged more positively than another, but this result does not allow any conclusions about whether either of the…

Biases in social comparative judgments, such as those illustrated by above-average and comparative-optimism effects, are often regarded as products of motivated reasoning (e.g., self-enhancement). These effects, however, can also be produced by information-processing limitations or aspects of judgment processes that are not necessarily biased by…

The authors investigated whether underconfidence in judgments of learning (JOLs) is pervasive across multiple study-test trials as suggested by A. Koriat, L. Sheffer, and H. Ma'ayan (2002) or whether underconfidence with practice (UWP) might be a kind of anchoring-and-adjustment effect, such that the occurrence or nonoccurrence of the UWP effect…

This study examined whether knowing that a victim of a sexual assault was carrying a condom influenced perceptions of her sexual intention and subsequent judgments of the sexual assault. Participants (N = 165) read a vignette describing a date that culminated in an alleged sexual assault. Condom possession (carrying a condom, not carrying a…

Technological knowledge has a normative component that scientific knowledge does not have. When we have knowledge of a computer, that often comprises normative judgements: it functions well or it does not function well. In knowledge of technical norms, rules and standards as another type of technological knowledge we also find a normative…

The present study investigates the relation between the religiosity dimensions which Wulff (1991) described (Exclusion versus Inclusion of Transcendence and Literal versus Symbolic) and both moral attitudes and moral competence. The Post-Critical Belief Scale (Duriez, Fontaine, & Hutseabut, 2000) was used as a measure of Wulff's religiosity…

This study summarizes recent and continuing research conducted by the Center for College Affordability and Productivity (CCAP) on the metrics used for measuring college performance. Unlike other rankings, this study does not concentrate on the inputs of college education such as endowment size, number of faculty, or the educational preparation of…

Although transition outcomes for youth with disabilities have shown some improvement and transition support practices have been identified, many young people continue to face transition barriers that preclude their full participation in key adult life activities. While research efforts have largely been professionally driven, there is emerging…