This paper advocates categorization of engagement on the basis of a logical relationship with the outcomes of a study and the use of student attributes that are logically related to engagement and/or achievement as covariables. Results from a study involving nine engagement categories, measures of formal reasoning ability, locus of control and…

This paper examines the parallels between suggestopedia and Soviet sleep-learning for learning foreign languages. Both systems are based on the idea that the acquisition of information can occur in states below the optimal level of consciousness. Hypnopedia makes use of the period of paradoxical or light sleep that usually occurs just as one is…

The theory that there are stages in teachers' professional development suggests that those who aim to stimulate or support that growth must be sensitive to the stage each teacher is in. Three stages of development are described: the survival or beginning teacher stage; the middle stage, characterized by an increasing sense of comfort in the…

To investigate the effects of training children in a specific learning facilitation skill, a study was devised that taught the association of the sounds of letters with their visual symbols. Twenty-six kindergarten children, 75% from low income homes and 75% of part-Hawaiian origin, were paired according to their pretraining scores on a letter…

Adjunct questions are test-like items interspersed at regular intervals, preceding or following prose passages, with the intention of increasing subsequent learning. In this state-of-the-art review, studies which include three major variables--age, ability, and question complexity level--are examined to determine whether a particular combination…

This study attempts to assess the developmental psycholinguistics hypothesis that language acquisition strategies are universal. Four types of statements were focused upon: (1) true affirmative statements (e.g., "You are a child"), (2) false affirmative statements ("You are a baby"), (3) false negative statements ("You aren't a child"), and (4)…

This paper reports research on interactional patterns associated with teaching and learning among Polynesian-Hawaiian children. Earlier ethnographic studies indicate that Hawaiian people may employ sets of learning and teaching behaviors which differ widely from those usually used in public schools. Comparison of videotaped mother and child…

The inservice and preservice learning module described here focuses on processing procedures used by students, the objective being to help teachers to stimulate cognitive processes. Perceptual and mediational processing and associative learning are specifically covered in the module, and methods for stimulating cognitive processes are presented.…

This paper investigates how people acquire knowledge from maps. Emphasis is placed on heuristics--defined as the procedures that people use to select, combine, and encode map information in memory. The objective is to develop a theory of expertise in map learning by analyzing differences between fast and slow learners in terms of differences in…

The learning of different school subjects (history, English, poetry appreciation, creative writing, reading, elementary school mathematics, geography, and modern languages) can be evaluated qualitatively, using the Structure of the Observed Learning Outcome (SOLO) Taxonomy. The taxonomy is structured into five major levels, with transitional…

The publication presents the final report of the U.S. Office of Education citizen education project, focusing on major issues relating to the concepts of citizenship and citizen education. The objective is to contribute to a clear delineation of goals, strategies, and needs. The document is divided into five chapters. Chapter I explains the need…

The effects of specific testing procedures on learning were studied, using the chunking method of teaching and studying, which involves the learning of small units of information. The size of the unit is related to the student's cognitive processing capacity (CPC)--the amount of material recalled after a brief exposure. Subjects were undergraduate…

COMBINED VISUAL-AUDITORY METHODS FOR TEACHING WERE TESTED, USING AURALLY HANDICAPPED AND NORMAL CHILDREN AS SUBJECTS, TO DEVELOP COMPARATIVE STATISTICS OF LEARNING ABILITY AND AUDITORY TRAINING BENEFITS OVER CONVENTIONAL UNISENSORY TEACHING TECHNIQUES. THE STUDY SAMPLE CONSISTED OF 2,500 CHILDREN. IN THE EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE, THE CHILDREN WERE…

THE EFFECTS OF TWO VARIABLES ON PROGRAMED LEARNING WERE INVESTIGATED--(1) MOTIVATIONAL DIFFERENCES AMONG LEARNERS AND (2) THE FORM OF THE LEARNER'S RESPONSE (CONSTRUCTING THE RESPONSE, COMPLETING THE RESPONSE WITH ONE OR MORE LETTERS OF THE ANSWER GIVEN, AND SIMPLY COPYING THE RESPONSE). THUS, DIFFERENT RESPONSE MODES IN TERMS OF THEIR RELATIVE…

A JOINT CONFERENCE OF PERSONNEL CONCERNED WITH EDUCATION AND TRAINING OF MANPOWER IN THE DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE (DOD), OFFICE OF EDUCATION, AND THE NATIONAL SECURITY INDUSTRIAL ASSOCIATION, WAS CALLED BY THE DOD TO CONSIDER HOW THE THREE ORGANIZATIONS COULD COLLABORATE. THE DOD PROPOSED USING THE ENORMOUS POWER OF ITS PROCUREMENT SYSTEM TO…