Results supported the hypothesis that alcohol-related performance decrements would be observed in the vigilance and motor activity task performance of four year olds, even after adjusting for the effects of nicotine, in children whose mothers were generally not alcoholics but only social drinkers of varying amounts. (Author/AS)

Several varieties of perceptual independence are investigated, including sampling independence, dimensional orthogonality, stimulus separability and integrality, and performance parity. A general multivariate perceptual theory is developed, and a precise definition of perceptual independence is offered. (Author/LMO)

The hypothesis that racial differences in IQ stem from differences in components of executive systems including knowledge base, control processes, and metacognition was investigated. Group differences in metamemory, strategy use, and general knowledge, but not perceptual efficiency, were observed. Metamemory predicted crystallized but not fluid…

Four experimental conflict situations having theoretical implications have been reported upon with some frequency. The purpose of this study was to compare individual differences on a common measure, response latency, in order to determine the stability of behavior across these four conflict situations using a comparative latency measure. (Editor)

Considers listener expectancies based on timing redundancy in continuous speech and the interaction between the effects of segmental and suprasegmental cues during ongoing perception. (Editor/RK)

This study examines the effect of item response time across 30 items on ability estimates in a high stakes computer adaptive graduate admissions examination. Examinees were categorized according to 4 item response time patterns, and the categories are compared in terms of ability estimates. Significant differences between response time patterns…

This study used the "double easy-to-hard" paradigm to examine the hypothesis that the class inclusion (CI) task should be equivalent in relational complexity to the transitive inference (TI) problem. Participating in the study were 64 girls and 50 boys, with a mean age of 8 years, 6 months. Stimuli for easy versions of the tasks were…

The present experiment was designed to evaluate the effects of type of similarity during a matching process for visually presented stimuli with obvious auditory properties (letters of the alphabet). (Author)

The aim of this paper has been to develop a coherent account of covert operations involved in reading and comprehension, naming, and comparisons of names and shapes. (Author)

Results of these studies support the contention that with advancing years brain-damaged children of the type used in the present study may adapt to and/or recover from the dificit(s) involved in the inability to develop and maintain a state of readiness to respond. (Authors)

Results showed that naming latency, for both letters and words, is sensitive to the number of items in the preceding list and also to the serial location of the probe item in the list. (Author)

Main effect of reinforcement for mean response latency indicated that subjects took longer to respond under disapproval than under approval or silence. (Authors)

Results of these five experiments span serial pattern learning, perception of sequential patterns, and coordinated motor skill. (Authors/CB)

It was concluded that pictures are encoded differently depending on task expectation. Parallel access of visual and semantic memory codes occurs; but when recognition is expected, a visual cue provides faster access, and when expecting recall, verbal access is more efficient. (Author)

Results indicate that Ss have a strong tendency to imitate a model, whether or not the model is reinforced or is successfully learning the task. (Author)