Reports a longitudinal study comparing 211 male inpatients in Stockholm, Sweden, alcohol clinic with a random sample of 200 men from Stockholm's general population. Random sample and inpatient males who also reported drug use had more psychosocial problems and had grown up in families with more abuse of alcohol and drugs than those who did not…

Describes an approach to working with parents that emphasizes the parents' own learning processes and that can be termed a "developmental partnership." Parents are explicitly acknowledged as the primary educators of their own children. Issues in developmental partnership, including the role of the unconscious in relationships focused on…

The article discusses the effects of a mother's employment on her children. It focuses on whether day care is bad for children, how it affects babies, and the best time for a mother to return to work. It also discusses parental leave and benefits. (SM)

This study examined parental actions that contribute to the highly academic education of young children. Findings showed that mothers who believed in early adult-directed instruction and high performance standards selected out-of-home activities that supported those beliefs. These mothers brought a notable degree of directiveness to bear on their…

The Adult Attachment Interview (AAI) was administered to 96 expecting mothers. In a one-year followup, mothers were seen with their child in the Strange Situation procedure. Maternal representations of attachment from the AAI predicted infant-mother attachment patterns in the Strange Situation. (BC)

Adolescents 10 to 18 years of age were interviewed 4.5 years after their parents' divorce. Adolescents' feeling of being caught between parents was related to high parental conflict and low parental cooperation. Closeness to both parents was related to low feelings of being caught between parents. Feeling caught was related to poor adjustment…

Investigates the relationship between parental self-esteem and behavior problems in children, using responses of 1,624 married couples from the National Survey of Families and Households. Results indicate that parent self-esteem is negatively associated with behavior problems in children, but none of the hypothesized moderating variables have a…

Among 78 mothers of Mexican-American adolescent inhalant users, many did not adhere to traditional marital and maternal roles, but this was not related to child's drug use. Child's drug use was related to indicators of household stability, including parents' marital status, father's employment status, and maternal emotional adjustment. (Author/SV)

Mothers of gifted children were significantly more likely than mothers of average children to encourage metacognitive strategies, but mothers of average children provided more direct solutions and talked more about child nontask behavior. (RH)

Suggests ways parents can help steer their children toward the field of science, noting the current decrease in the proportion of students in science and engineering. Some of the ideas are to take children to museums, watch science specials on television, and buy toys and tools that teach. (SM)

Interviews with 200 Nigerian students and 40 teachers revealed that parental illiteracy, pupils' perceived irrelevance of school curriculum, and poor teacher-student relationships were significantly associated with truancy. However, measures taken by the schools included administration of punishment and consultation with disaffected pupils. (32…

Examines the effects of social influences on undergraduates' decisions to leave or remain at the university where they began their higher education. Reports that, with other variables held constant, effects of social influences on students' persistence remained significant. Finds that parents and peers have stronger influence than faculty on the…

Examines whether a difference exists between parental and teachers' attitudes and expectations toward Black, disadvantaged children and a child's success or nonsuccess in reading. Finds that students who perceived negative attitudes and expectations were more likely to be unsuccessful readers. (MG)

A study investigated the effect of paternal presence or absence on the social-emotional, language, and academic outcomes of 22 children with hearing impairments (ages 43 to 83 months). Children whose fathers were present had significantly better academic and language outcomes than those without a father present. (Author/CR)

Explains that the Trivers-Willard hypothesis says that high-status parents favor sons over daughters while low-status parents favor daughters over sons. Examines whether the Trivers-Willard hypothesis is warranted by testing whether its predictions hold true among parents of adolescents in the United States. Finds little evidence to support the…