Discusses von Glaserfeld's conception of constructivism and the variety of approaches to it: realist, radical, psychological, critical, cognitive, sociocultural, interactive, social, and Deweyan. Outlines criteria for differentiating between these theories: communality, objectivity, practice, and historicity and change. (Contains 43 references.)…

Drawing on recent work extending Vygotsky's Zone of Proximal Development and activity theory, the article proposes that apprenticeship be reconceptualized as a more inclusive social theory of learning. Suggests the need for new criteria for reflexive learning. (SK)

Presents and criticizes current theories of multiplication in order to pave the way for an alternative foundation for the concept of multiplication. Formulates a uniform concept of multiplication that recognizes anew the importance of the roles of multiplier and multiplicand. (Contains 22 references.) (ASK)

Drawing on the organizational learning literature, reorders Senge's (1990) five capacities to show how individual learning can normally be developed into collective learning. Identifies the important roles played by the external environment and internal organizational conditions, which may facilitate or deter the process. (EV)

The standard paradigm of learning--isolated in individual minds, expressed verbally, propositional--distorts the role of judgment. An emerging paradigm based on Dewey and Wittgenstein recognizes the role of action and exercise of judgment; positions knowledge in individuals, teams, and organizations; and includes propositional, cognitive,…

This article responds to the concerns raised by Haggis in 2003 regarding the use of approaches to learning theory in higher education. It is argued that the misrepresentations of the theory observed in the literature are not a reason for discarding the theory entirely. This article reasserts key features of the theory, argues for its relevance to…

Around the world, many people concerned with the state of the environment participate in environmental action groups. Much of their learning occurs informally, simply by participating in the everyday, ongoing collective life of the chosen group. Such settings provide unique opportunities for studying how people learn science in complex settings…

Empirical research is all about trying to model and predict the world. In this article, I discuss how design-based research methods can help do this effectively. In particular, design-based research methods can help with the problem of methodological alignment: ensuring that the research methods we use actually test what we think they are testing.…

This article presents a historical review of mathematics education since the late 1950s in the United States. Three themes are used to organize the literature reviewed in the article: (a) broad sociopolitical forces, particularly highly publicized educational policy statements; (b) trends in mathematics research; and (c) theories of learning and…

In this article a theory of learning, variation theory, is presented in order to address the "provocation" created by the relationship between theoretical positions and findings in research and what these do and do not disclose. I demonstrate how this can be used as an analytical tool for studying classroom learning in mathematics by juxtaposing…

This paper offers an introduction to the philosophy and science of embodied learning, conceived as both the stabilizing and expansionary process that sustains order and novelty within learners' worlds enacted through observing and describing. Embodied learning acknowledges stability and change as the purposeful conjoined characteristics that…

The concept of "the object of activity" plays a key role in research based on activity theory. However, the usefulness of this concept is somewhat undermined by the fact that a number of problems related to its meaning and its contexts of use remain unsolved. This article is an attempt to address some of these problems. The article focuses on 3…

Exclusionary school discipline results in students being removed from classrooms as a consequence of their disruptive behavior and may lead to subsequent suspension and/or expulsion. Literature documents that nondominant students, particularly Black males, are disproportionately impacted by exclusionary discipline, to the point that researchers…

This book will be an original and indispensable resource for all who believe in the importance of art in the wider educational realm. Framing the recent "educational turn" in the arts within a broad historical and social context, this anthology raises fundamental questions about how and what should be taught in an era of distributive…

The need to increase US competitiveness in the world economy is a driving factor in the recent push to internationalize university campuses across the country. Technical and subject area expertise are no longer sufficient to succeed in the 21st-century global workplace. Intercultural competence is becoming more valued as part of the desired…