Examines a grammar of conversation using three units of analysis: talk acts (statements, questions, agreements, and disagreements); turns at talk; and topic sequences. Rules covering the use of talk acts and definitions of units of analysis provide the basis for propositions about the location of categories of talk acts. (JMF)

At present, art-educational research seems locked into a number of unexamined assumptions--largely derived from European Romantic ideology--about artistic productiveness as a desirable psychological trait. We need to know more about other cultural patterns of artistic behavior and the historic and social factors that influence them. (Author/SJL)

The quality circle, a group of employees who meet to discuss problems and discover solutions, is receiving increasing attention in organizations concerned with quality, productivity, and morale. Based upon behavioral science concepts, the quality circle technique can be applied to a wide variety of work situations. (SK)

Recent research in group behavior and organizational development is centered around increasing the individual's self-esteem and on developing individual participation in group success. Effective groups depend on a variety of individual contributions and shared decision making, while in turn satisfying human needs for security, achievement, and…

This study explored relationships among multidimensional characteristics of classroom social climates and pupil academic motivations in those settings. Implications of these relationships are discussed in terms of reducing dissonance between classroom influences and negative affects of pupils, and for achieving greater congruence between positive…

Organizational behavior is defined and its micro and macro subdivisions described. Leavitt's model for organizational change (task, technology, structure, and people) is employed to extract meanings from the organizational behavior literature. A diagnostic approach is suggested for applying organizational behavior to the practice of higher…

This paper reviews current models of problem solving to identify results relevant to teachers or instructional developers. Four areas are covered: information processing models, approaches stressing human abilities and factors, creative problem solving models, and other aspects of problem solving. Part of a theme issue on intelligence. (Author/SJL)

In this article, research on nonhuman animals is reviewed to show that there is no discontinuity between humans and other animals. For both, high density is not necessarily harmful. Rather, the effect of high density depends on other factors in the situation. (Author)

Defines areas that could comprise pharmaceutical psychology. The discussion includes a review of literature, outline of areas in pharmacy in which psychologists could become involved, description of a project involving the application of psychology to pharmacy, and analysis of the concept of pharmaceutical psychology. A 99-item bibliography is…

Teachers participated in a course on behavioral approaches in the classroom. Training was conducted in phases: Information, Instructions to Practice, Guided Practice, Coding Practice, and Performance Feedback. Significant increases in positive teacher behaviors and decreases in negative teacher behaviors were observed but were not maintained.…

There is no accepted definition of "needs" of the elderly. Perceptions vary with age, professional role, relationships, and time. The wide range of methodologies presents problems. Research instruments are being refined. The use of index of incapacity measures offers the best data base for planning needed services. (Author/NRB)

Demonstrates that audience members create specific and sometimes elaborate practical actions involving television in order to gratify particular needs in the context of family viewing. Supports a typology of the social uses of television using ethnographic research and current uses and gratifications literature. (JMF)

Observations of 469 children in nursery and day care classrooms revealed sex differences in the expected directions for aggression and dependency, but not for cooperation. Age differences varied by sex, social class, and type of behavior. Although social class effects were weakest, they were significant for aggression and cooperation. (Author/RL)

Left- and right-handed second-grade, sixth-grade, and college students were compared on four subtests of the Torrance creativity test. At each level, left-handed students had higher creativity scores than right-handers. The greatest differences were found on the elaboration subtests. (Author/RL)

Describes study to determine the success of university students' behavioral self-control projects. Results indicate that the teaching of self-control principles is easily integrated into personal adjustment classes and can have lasting effects on students' coping skills. (KC)