Counseling needs of women enrolled at a university after an interruption in their formal educational training are explored. The target population was women who were at least 24 years old and who had not attended an educational institution for two years prior to enrolling in the university. A stratefied sample (N=20) was chosen from a computer…

This paper links the sex stereotypic socialization of women towards passivity and insignificance theoretically and empirically with the greater incidence of learned helplessness and depression in contemporary American women as compared to men. The case is made for a more androgynous, self-directed and undepressed person, female or male, and both…

The advertising copy for a product was manipulated along two structural dimensions (inside/outside product attributes, and before/after consequences of using product) to refine the concept of exposure in advertising research and to test a method of observing cognitive behavior while people are attending (exposed) to the media. The 78 participants…

A REPORT ISSUED BY THE ISRAELI NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR RESEARCH IN THE BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES INDICATES THAT MANY OF THEIR CURRENT PROJECTS ARE INVESTIGATING CULTURALLY DEPRIVED ISRAELI CHILDREN. TOPICS INCLUDE THE GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT, LEARNING PSYCHOLOGY, AND FAMILY AND KINDERGARTEN BACKGROUNDS OF THESE CHILDREN AS WELL AS THE PREPARATION OF…

Research on learning and conditioning suggests that verbal response modification does not occur in the absence of the subject's ability to define verbally (1) the response-reinforcement relationships and (2) his intention to change his behavior in the direction of reinforcement. This seems to be true for operant conditioning of verbal behavior,…

A base rate of deviant behavior was obtained for the eight most disruptive children in a third grade adjustment class. In a token reinforcement program, the children received teacher's ratings, which were exchangeable for reinforcers such as candy and trinkets. With the introduction of the token reinforcement program, an abrupt reduction in…

Previous experiments with nursery school children have suggested that (1) subjects of preschool age do not verbalize during transfer learning or that (2) for these subjects, self-produced verbal cues have little influence on the learning process. To investigate the relative merits of these alternative positions, research was conducted among 80…

Reviewing of long term and short term intervention research undertaken by Skeels and Dye (1939), Dawe (1942), Brazziel and Terrell (1962), Carter (1966), Sigel, Roeper, and Hooper (1966), Weikart (1967), Klaus and Gray (1967), Karnes and others (1966), Bereiter and Engelmann (1966), Blatt and Garfunkel (1965), Nimnicht (1966), and Smilansky (1964…

This research examined the hypothesized interaction between sex and interpersonal relationship by comparing the actual self-disclosures made to best friends and strangers by male and female subjects. It was hypothesized that subjects would disclose more to best friends than to strangers, that females would disclose more than males to best friends,…

Behavioral Path Analysis is both a theory and a methodology for studying person-environment interactions. It is designed to be applicable to the evaluation of both environments in use and proposed designed environments. This paper presents the basics of the theory, and some examples of recent applications that have guided its development. The…

This study examines the differential effects of spatial density on five-year-old children who were divided into "low" and "high" on dimensions of hyperactivity-distractibility, anxiety, hostility-aggressiveness, behavior disturbance, and motor inhibition. Sex differences in interaction with the above behavioral dimensions were…

This paper discusses the term "biofeedback" in its historical context and relates it to behavioral research in speech communication. The paper presents an operational model of the communication process, suggesting that biofeedback techniques might be used within the scope of the model to monitor, study, and ultimately modify an…

In order to determine the communication factors of group leadership, 500 undergraduates enrolled in an introductory communication theory course at a large New England university were randomly assigned to laboratory sections of 25 students each. Over an eight week period the students in each group redistributed into different groups varying in size…

This document discusses the current status of women, the current areas in need of research, and makes specific recommendations. Current status is described in terms of women's employment, mental health, and drug abuse. More than half of today's women are employed but they are clustered in the lowest paying occupations. More women than men report…

In response to an earlier symposium report, this journal presents six position papers dealing with the question, "What criteria should be used to judge the admissibility of evidence to support theoretical propositions regarding communication research?" The analyses and arguments include "The Research Process" by Wayne Brockriede, "The Reflexivity…