Factors identified and analyzed included (1) sex of students, (2) time of day when mother was employed, (3) professional or nonprofessional status of mother, and (4) students' attendance records. Results indicated maternal employment does not affect student achievement. (Author/EK)

The professional community has the responsibility to explore effective, economic methods for enhancing the parent's understanding and skills in helping his child to grow with as few as possible disturbances of interrelatedness. This paper describes a procedure which has had some effectiveness in parent group discussions in a public school setting.…

The present paper focuses on the status of the research literature on fathering and emphasizes the need for further research concerning the impact of the father on the personality development of children. (Author)

The socioeconomic and ethnic origins of students attending universities in New Zealand are described and the effects of these origins on academic performance and progress are examined. It is concluded that only ethnic origin bears any relation to academic performance once students have made the decision to attend. (Author/MLW)

Examined the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of fifth- and eighth-grade urban parochial school students (N=3,785) regarding alcoholic beverages. Survey results showed a religiously oriented school environment had little influence on drinking behavior. Family, friends, and cultural norms were strong influences. Sixth and seventh grades appear…

Researchers studied patterns of language use by parent-child dyads working together on an instructional task in their homes. Analysis of speech acts indicated (1) different use of speech and different performance rates across achievement levels and (2) relationships between socioeconomic status and achievement and between language and task…

Surveyed high school graduating seniors (N=401) and guidance counselors, (N=536) concerning influences on college choice. Results showed that important factors included availability of specific programs; reputation, location, and size; and counselor and parent recommendations. (WAS)

Examined antecedents of two components of need for approval (the approach component and the avoidance component) on a longitudinal basis. For females, need for approval was positively related to mothers' withdrawal of love and the avoidance component was negatively related to mothers' encouragement of their daughters to fight back. (Author)

Compared women (N=25) in nontraditional careers with women (N=25) in the traditional field of teaching. Differences between the groups suggested that those entering a traditional career made their decision earlier in life than those choosing a nontraditional career. Similarities were found between the two groups. (RC)

Interviews were conducted regarding attitudes toward sex role and mathematics with three cognitively equated groups of girls who had enrolled in different amounts of theoretical math in high school. Girls who took four years of theoretical math had more conflict between sex role and achievement. (Author)

Using a multidimensional locus of control scale, scores of female anorexia nervosa patients (N=54) were compared to norms. Younger anorexic patients demonstrated higher internal control compared to norms on times related to fatalism and social-system control. Scores for older patients could not be differentiated from the norms. (Author)

Classroom teachers rated school behavior of 44 children, aged 12-17, of schizophrenic parents and 70 children of normal parents. Results showed children of schizophrenic parents had greater interpersonal disharmony, less scholastic motivation, more emotional instability, and lower intelligence than control children, but differences in introversion…

Continuities were found between the behavior of infants at six days of age and their later behavior at 27 and 42 months of age. An enduring relationship was found between a mother's history of psychological and emotional problems prior to the baby's conception and the child's 'atypical' or 'problem' behavior and poor cognitive development.…

Survey findings indicated the use of alcohol and drugs among prepubertal and teenage students, and the involvement of both groups in theft and valdalism. The view advanced was by the study that deficient socialization and inadequate parenting, as well as peer group pressures and psychogenic factors, influenced these behavioral problems. (Author/RD)

Ninety-five women (18-26 years of age) from 23 countries were interviewed regarding (1) their preparation for menarche, (2) messages from others at the time of menarche, and (3) their emotional responses to the first period. Mothers were the source of information for most girls. Others' reactions were primarily hygiene-centered. Comparisons with…