This study explores leisure attitudes within the family, specifically addressing itself to three primary questions: (1) Will leisure attitudes of children be "at the same level" as those of their parents?; (2) Will the children's attitudes relate significantly to their parent's attitudes?; and (3) Will the answers to these questions be the same…

The study tested relationships between patterns of parent-youth-interaction and two aspects of identity formation; the extent to which an adolescent explored alternatives and the degree to which he or she had made commitments. Interviews assessing aspects of the identity process were conducted with 99 Danish students, age 17 and 18. Independent…

If schools continue to ignore their responsibilities, urban Appalachian children will continue to lose faith in themselves and respect for their heritage. (Author/GC)

Young children were grouped according to socioeconomic status determined by their parents' educational level (college, high school, or less). Subjects were assigned tasks on sets of pictures which could be organized on the basis of taxonomic or complementary relations. There were no significant differences in level of recall or clustering.…

Gifted students sometimes camouflage themselves behind a facade of underachievement. Causes of underachievement include: (1) social and emotional conflict due to societal misconceptions, expectations, and stereotypes; low self-concept; and family instability; (2) a stifling or inhibiting academic environment; and (3) physiological and neurological…

Reviews research in the following areas of adolescent anticipatory socialization to the workplace: (1) family; (2) peers; (3) educational institutions; (4) mass media; and (5) part-time jobs. Research from each area demonstrated some influence on adolescents' occupational expectations; however, a number of inconsistencies were evident. These…

Reviews two articles from "School Psychology Review," volume 15, 1986, which were devoted to preschool assessment, focusing on their relevance to counselors: one article discusses historical and legislative background, offering a conceptual framework on preschool assessment; the other focuses on family assessment using an ecological systems…

Compares the effects on high school achievement of family socioeconomic factors present during students' early childhood and during students' late adolescence. Results point to the potentially stronger role in cognitive development and school learning of early socioeconomic factors, except in the case of family size. (RDN)

Examines the effects of culture on educational practice in Japan, focusing on three salient aspects of the cultural basis for achievement: (1) teachers and parents stress educational environments conducive to learning; (2) achievement is attributed to effort, not to innate ability; and (3) group expectations and standards are considered paramount.…

Child and family correlates of behavioral, academic, and family outcomes in a psychoeducational day program for children with severe behavioral disorders were examined. Judges rated selected variables from program files. Results supported primacy of clinical factors in predicting outcome, desirability of early intervention, and interdependence of…

Used the Sibling Inventory of Differential Experience with 396 adolescent and young adult children to determine the extent to which genetic differences between siblings or sibling differences in family constellation variables were responsible for differential experiences. (HOD)

Discusses the influences of parental alcoholism on children's daily lives, generally, and learning problems, absenteeism, and adjustment problems, specifically. Suggests that schools are one of the most promising settings for identifying and intervening with children of alcoholics as a target group. (DST)

Concludes that, at the beginning of their school careers, children are quite different as far as reading and writing are concerned, and that there are certain universal prerequisites to reading and writing that may be termed "metalinguistic skills." (FL)

Studies suggest children of remarriage may experience adjustment challenges but that long range developmental effects are insignificant. Quality of family life appears to be more relevant than family structure, and adjustment seems easier for boys and younger children than for girls and adolescents. (Author/RH)

Identifies four central characteristics common in psychologically resilient children, discussing the role of protective factors within and outside the family and the shifting balance between vulnerability and resiliency. Implications for early childhood educators are drawn. (AS)