Both black and white children's reactions to black adults are studies for how the status characteristics of adults and children affect adults' ability to raise a child's expectations of his own performance on school-like tasks. (Author/KM)

A system for synthesizing speech from a phonetic input is described. (Author)

Reports the results of an analysis of IEA survey data relating to the variability in science achievement of 14-year-old students in Australian schools. The analysis indicates that the home background of students is the predominant factor affecting school science achievement. (JR)

The paper provides a review of goal theory as articulated by Edwin Locke. The theory is evaluated in terms of laboratory and field research and its practical usefulnes is explored as a means to improving individual productivity in "real world" organizations Research findings provide support for some goal theory propositions but suggest…

Validity of selected cognitive and affective variables as predictors of academic success among disadvantaged minority college students was analyzed via multiple regression. The best combination of predictors was reading, attitude toward authority, internality-externality (selected items), and dogmatism, which together accounted for approximately…

The primary finding of this study was that performance increments found with whole presentations of instructional objectives could be achieved with part presentation of objectives and text. In fact, the part presentations resulted in ever greater intentional learning than whole presentations. (Author/BJG)

This paper analyzes the effect on performance when several active processes compete for limited processing resources. The principles discussed show that conclusions about the interactions among psychological processes must be made with caution, and some existing assumptions may be unwarranted. (Author/BJG)

Study completed in part under Grant RD-1127 from the Vocational Rehabilitation Administration, Washington, D.C.

This paper addresses the need for a more systematic framework for conceptualizing and evaluating the health-related effects of support. A conceptual model of stress, support, and functioning is presented which clarifies the direct, interactive, and indirect effects of social support. Several paths representing relationships among life stressors,…

The paper reviews literature relating to selective attention in the learning disabled child. Three processes related to the concept of selective attention (as proposed by D. Berlyne) are discussed: attention in learning, attention in remembering, and attention in performance. It is pointed out that verbal mediation, the use of verbal labels to…

The present study was designed to assess kindergarten, second-, and fourth-graders' knowledge of two aspects of metamemory, the effect of list length and the effect of study time, and to relate this knowledge to the children's performance on recall tasks. One hundred and eight elementary school children, 36 from each grade level, were shown…

This research study examined the hypothesis that listener behavior could influence the performance of young speaker-listener pairs in referential communication tasks. (In referential communication, a speaker attempts to describe a target referent in such a way that a listener can pick it out from an array of potential referents.) Subjects were 28…

The purpose of this investigation was to determine if relationship existed between biorhythms and human performance. The subjects were volunteers from varsity athletic teams and physical education general program classes. Data from varsity athletes were collected from official results of varsity participation and from laboratory testing with the…