Prenatal diagnostic procedures that can determine the existence of genetic diseases or chromosome disorders such as Down's syndrome are described, and legal considerations are outlined. Arguments for and against aborting fetuses with Down's syndrome are presented, and the need for genetic counseling for prospective parents is emphasized.…

Essential qualities of expert teachers are explored, examining the practices of three historical teaching masters: Zeno of Elea, Lao Tzu of Ch'U, and Jesus of Nazareth. The three qualities identified are profound moral and cultural worth; engagement of the imagination; and the story as the primary form of pedagogy. (SLD)

Four conference papers on ethics in physical activity research are presented: (1) "Ethical Issues in Human Research" (W. Kroll); (2) "Ethical Issues in Animal Research" (K. Matt); (3) "Oh What a Tangled Web We Have" (M. Safrit); and (4) "Ethical Issues in Conducting and Reporting Research: A Reaction to Kroll,…

Studies effects of variables hypothesized to affect inclusion by 182 male and 181 female high school students of animals within their scope of justice. Conflict with the animal and utility of the animal modify justice's scope. Similarity between the animal and people plays a complicated role in exclusion. (SLD)

Uses Kenneth Burke's writings on the negative in language to account for the rhetorical appeal of the Reagans'"just say no" rhetoric. Argues that this strategy advocates private solutions to public problems, reasserts the authority of the government to define both problems and solutions, and undermines the vitality of the public sphere.…

Examines the development of toddlers' moral and conventional judgments and effects of language development on such judgments. Rudimentary distinctions between familiar moral, social and conventional transgressions are made during the child's third year. (Author/BB)

Explores ethical issues of cultural diversity, power, and influence embedded in leadership and school practices. Explores ethical criteria suggested by various perspectives (functionalism, interpretivism, and critical theory), arguing that ethical issues can be more thoroughly addressed by using criteria from multiple perspectives. Single-lens…

It is argued that, although American higher education originally assumed the duty of morally educating society's youth, this responsibility has gradually dissipated and society is suspicious of higher education. This attitude coincides with other social problems. It is proposed that higher education already has the tools to meet this challenge.…

Discusses the importance of teachers and researchers learning to appreciate one another's professional roles to bridge the gap between research and practice. Information comes from meetings between teachers and researchers as part of a three-year study to discover how moral concerns permeate school life. (SM)

A sample of 459 American Evaluation Association members was surveyed about ethical challenges they encountered in evaluation work. Respondents report a wide variety of ethical conflicts, with evaluators frequently pressured to compromise their roles as scientists and the evaluation product. A framework is proposed for interpreting these findings.…

The extent to which university students at 3 Texas universities exhibit a postmodern shift in their values systems was studied in approximately 1,600 students. Although results suggest the dominance of a generally traditional world view among most students, enough ambiguity exists to indicate views in transition. (SLD)

Investigated patterns of ethical orientation in advanced master's rehabilitation counseling students (n=58). Results showed that students as a whole performed at individual stage of ethical orientation, or moderately sophisticated level of response when considering ethical dilemmas. Four distinct types of respondent profile types (sophisticated,…

Argues that experts in philosophical and psychological paradigms can and do contribute to revisions of theories of moral excellence and that the study of prototypes has limited value for resolving some important theoretical issues. Describes research topics that can be informed by the investigation of prototypes of moral excellence, such as social…

Defends domain theory approach to children's moral development based on limitations of Piaget's original theory. Argues that Fowler's characterization of domain theory research omits important features and studies. Maintains that distinctions between morality and convention cannot be reduced to differences in perceptible harm and punishment; it is…

Considers qualitative research the authors (both education professors) conducted while teaching an ethics course in different semesters over seven years. Examines and deconstructs personal and professional codes of ethics, including their own and those of doctoral students. The study found that students' professional and personal ethics codes…