Examines how students interpret their teachers' and their own responses to routine classroom events. Explores the relationship of students' perceptions and reported behaviors to their teachers' socialization styles. Additionally addresses grade level variation in these relationships. (RH)

Updates early research on how females are depicted in children's picture books. Notes that while the ratio of females to males is now closer to parity, storybook characters still continue to present tradition views of females. (RKM)

After a brief overview of the research on social comparison in young children, a depiction is provided of how young children exhibit social comparisons during two types of play activity--physical object and social fantasy play. Research and pedagogical implications are discussed. (PCB)

Provides a review of research on the topic of political socialization. Topics covered include the role of the school in society, the role of teacher behavior and classroom structure, and other influences such as social class, and the effect of the media. Draws implications for teaching practice and further research. (JDH)

The cultural distinction between Western and Middle Eastern Jews in Israel is a product of underlying cultural differences in mediating familial factors such as interdependence, size, and delegation of authority, as well as peer exposure. Middle Easterners were more cooperative than Westerners in rural settings, but not in urban areas. (Author/LHW)

This article compares and contrasts a predominantly White preschool and a predominantly Black Head Start program to determine how education might better serve children who come from different socioeconomic and ethnic backgrounds. Research and results are discussed, and suggestions for culturally responsive education are made. (JL)

Children's conceptions about literacy at the end of the first grade were studied. Children learned in one of three language arts curricula. Their skill levels were then compared, and suggestions were made for teachers to help children see reading and writing as holistic skills, beyond their functional necessity. (JL)

Telephone interviews with 48 parents of young adults with mental and physical disabilities found parents identified their greatest planning needs in the areas of living situation, socialization, and employment. There was a positive relationship between planning for adult needs and family functioning. (Author/DB)

Asserts that the nurturant socialization of children is considered the irreducible, essential, and definitive function of families. Notes that there have been major changes in family structure and patterns in the past 20 years and considers some recent family trends and projections, looking at the possible consequences of these trends for child…

Recent research (including a longitudinal study comparing direct instruction, nursery school, and High/Scope models) has shown that the child-initiated approach outstrips teacher-directed activity in fostering some aspects of social development. Adolescents from the High/Scope and nursery school groups had half as many delinquencies as the direct…

Illustrates, with data from a sample of U.S. middle-class families, how the structuring of the child care environment is related to culturally defined parental goals and attitudes toward development. Mothers' child care practices seemed to reflect the mothers' emphasis on cultural values such as independence and exploration to further cognitive…

Research and literature on educational change, teacher effectiveness and leadership are reviewed to provide a context for describing teacher-leader programs. Qualities of effective leadership are discussed. Suggestions for developing and reviewing teacher leader programs are given. (JL)

Provides historical perspective on moral education, discusses links between morality and religion, and recommends several actions to help develop morally mature individuals to ensure the existence of a just and caring society. Insets detail characteristics of morally mature persons and list members of the ASCD Panel of Moral Education. Includes 14…

An ethnographic approach is used to determine how anger and aggression relate to the native childrearing theories held by child caregivers from an urban, working-class neighborhood. The three socialization contexts identified were the caregiver's life experiences, childrearing ideology, and childrearing practices. (JS)

Offers a proposal for integrating the Gestalt goals of self-responsibility with a feminist perspective that places value on the web of relationships in women's lives and focuses attention on the environmental constraints and socialization that affect women's choices. Discusses Gestalt techniques for enhancing women's growth and examines…