The intellectual and moral climate of a school is related to the nature of authority. It is the way that authority is instituted as well as the manner in which it is exercised that shapes the intellectual and moral character of the school. Public education in urban areas today is increasingly instrumental, technical, adversarial, and officially…

The implications of the Islamic religion and culture for marketing strategies and practices are discussed. An introductory section describes the Islamic population and its segments, and gives some historical background about the religion. A list of the principal tenets and practices of the Islamic faith, and the specific marketing implications of…

Recent controversies over textbooks illustrate objections held by Evangelicals to "secular humanism" in the schools. Educators automatically tend to assume that all religious objections to curricula are clear-cut attempts at censorship. This confrontational attitude on the part of educators can lead to alienation of minority religious…

The object of this study was to decode the expressive symbol systems attached to broadcasting in the 1920s and to come to an understanding of the significance of the new technology by exploring the utopian dimensions which were tacitly held by the market model, and expressed in a variety of ways by the men and women who were connected in some way…

In a study designed to determine whether experience in day care or preschool affects children's knowledge and enactment of prosocial behaviors, 59 children in day care, preschool, and home care were pre- and post-tested concerning: (1) their understanding of helping, sharing, comforting, honesty, and civic awareness; (2) their definitions of…

Private school teachers were asked in a survey to rank the following eight goals for students in order according to their importance: (1) basic literacy skills (reading, math, writing, speaking); (2) academic excellence, or mastery of the subject matter of the course; (3) citizenship (understanding institutions and public values); (4) specific…

Some research has shown that women's achievements in traditionally masculine fields are devalued. To determine if females would be judged more harshly than males for performing unethical behaviors in order to gain entry in competitive professions, and to examine gender differences in the evaluation of unethical conduct, college students (52 males…

The value priorities of students engaged in teacher education programs at the graduate and undergraduate levels were studied. The research attempted a qualitative analysis in order to interpret quantitative results previously obtained and reported. Three research topics guiding the study were: the value priorities of undergraduate and graduate…

A policy statement on ethical practices for college presidents developed by the Committee on Governance of the American Association of State Colleges and Universities (AASCU) is presented. Presidents of AASCU member institutions recognize the special responsibilities that pertain to them by virtue of the public trust they hold. To fulfill that…

In early 1988, the U.S. Supreme Court, in "Hazelwood School District v. Kuhlmeier," held that school administrators may exercise "editorial control over the style and content of student speech in school-sponsored expressive activities so long as their actions are reasonably related to legitimate pedagogical concerns." A…

The paper documents two presentations made during a pre-congress course of the Ninth World Congress of the International League of Societies for Persons with Mental Handicaps. The course, titled "Sexuality and Mental Retardation," was held in August 1986. Part I discusses the topic's theoretical aspects, such as moral perceptions of…

Although the benefits of sex education are often questioned, numerous studies have shown that the more knowledgeable a person is about sexuality, the less likely he or she is to engage in early sexual activities. To compare the differences in sexual knowledge, attitudes, and contraceptive choice between those adolescents who talk to their parents…

Administration is the process of working with and through others to efficiently accomplish organizational goals by planning, organizing, leading, and controlling. The basic skills required by an effective administrator are technical, human, and conceptual. A strong school administrator preparation and certification program resembles the classical…

Research on moral development and behavior has traditionally emphasized person related variables such as level or stage of moral reasoning, individual differences in moral traits and dispositions, or past reinforcement history. The effects of context on moral action and decision, in contrast, have received relatively little attention. It is…

The human values system is a heretofore unresearched area in the developmental changes occurring at the transition to parenthood. Pregnant couples (N=44) and a control group of nonpregnant couples (N=33) were interviewed three times over a 9-month period to examine the impact of the transition to parenthood on the organization of both instrumental…