Three experiments investigated whether Japanese children's segmentation units would change as they learned to read "kana" letters, which represent "morae" or Japanese subsyllabic rhythmic units. Results indicated that children's conscious segmentation of words, except for those having a geminate stop consonant, progressed from…

A study investigated the relationship between working memory (WM), declarative strategy knowledge, and math achievement in 111 children with and without mathematical disabilities (MD). Results found verbal and visual-spatial WM, stable verbal strategy choices, and expert strategy choices related to visual-spatial processing all contributed…

Discussion of the balanced scorecard (BSC) as a performance management tool focuses on common mistakes and problems with implementing it. Topics include the need for intraorganizational communication and collaboration; strategic thinking; organizational goals; purposes of measurements; individual accountability; and setting priorities. (LRW)

Reports on an analysis of behavior and talk for individuals and single sex pairs using a computer-based drill and practice activity to explain differences in performance among first graders. Results indicated that individuals were more likely to be task-focused and to complete tasks successfully than children working in pairs. (Author/LRW)

Compared reality monitoring of interactive events among children and adults. Found that 4-year-olds had more difficulty discriminating imagined actions than 12-year-olds and adults. Imagined actions were more often confused with performed ones than the reverse for 4- and 8-year-olds. Reality monitoring decreased over time. Object use during…

Defensive routines and tolerance of skilled incompetence can harm student team performance. Strategies to overcome these problems include emphasizing the importance of process learning, teaching team development, providing practice in communication skills, coaching individual students, and providing graded feedback for process quality. (Contains…

Examined changes from age 7 to 82 years in processes responsible for preparation and interference control underlying alternation between two tasks. Found a U-shaped function for switch costs, with larger costs for young children and older adults. Age-related variance in task-switching performance was partially independent from age-related variance…

Tested in two studies 4- to 7-year-olds' face recognition by manipulating the faces' configural and featural information. Found that even with only a single 5-second exposure, most children could use configural and featural cues to make identity judgments. Repeated exposure and feedback improved others' performance. Even proficient memories were…

Two experiments investigated mechanisms underlying analogical transfer in the clue-reading task. It was concluded that the extent to which beginning readers make orthographic analogies is overestimated and that theories emphasizing orthographic analogy as a mechanism driving early reading development need reexamination. (Author/KB)

A content analysis was performed on 43 articles published between 1970 and 1998 discerned as relating family systems theory (FST) frameworks and constructs to organizational consultation. Frameworks and constructs were investigated in relation to four independent variables: type of organization; decade of article publication; gender; and…

A study assessed genetic and environmental etiologies of reading, rapid naming (RN), and their covariation using data from 587 twin pairs (ages 7-20) in which one student had reading difficulties and from 360 control pairs. Correlation between reading and RN performances for subjects was significantly higher than that of controls. (Contains…

A study involving 18 children with reading difficulties (grades 4- 9), 33 children controls, and 19 adult controls found that poor readers have less difficulty reading words whose forms are phonologically and orthographically transparent than reading words the base forms of which undergo a phonological shift when a suffix is added. (Contains…

For many bright students, school is a painful experience. Consequently, many parents simply decide to shop around for the high schools which will be the "best fit" to enable their students to experience happiness, to thrive, and to achieve their postgraduate dreams. For many other families in today's society, the need for new jobs and relocation…

In this study we examined the role of anxiety on novices' performance on the psychomotor task of rifle marksmanship. The stages-of-skill-development model suggests that aptitude influences performance while learning a skill; however, the model does not address the role of affect. Assessments for state anxiety and state worry were administered to…

Although feedback from teachers to students occupies a central role in learning and instruction, the manner in which feedback functions in performance improvement remains unclear. The current study examined how students' sensitivity to feedback and variations in the wording of feedback messages impacted public speaking performance. Results…