This paper explores the role of vision in reading and studying. "How Vision Occurs" discusses the functions of rods, cones, the cerebral cortex, and the receptor senses. "The Optometrist and the Educator" views the role of the optometrist in relation to student learning. "Eye Anatomy Terms" defines the ciliary muscle, optic disc and nerve, macula…

This annotated bibliography containing research on visual perception executed at photopic levels in artificial laboratory situations has been compiled to make information available that can be applied to scotopic perception of natural objects in natural situations. There are 407 reports or studies, published from 1945 through 1964, cited in this…

The Rand Corporation has been doing research on closed-circuit television systems to aid the partially sighted since 1966. The current experimental system enhances the image electronically to provide a magnified image that is brighter and has greater contrast than the object being observed. The system also incorporates an easily movable platform…

Instruments for screening visual performance, for observing vision behavior, the learner in general, and the student at a learning task, and a parent questionnaire are described. (See TM 001 363 for a description of the total project; for other related documents, see TM 001 160, 364-368, 370-374.) (MS)

Tests of preschool children have revealed that children from low income groups have more visual problems than children from higher income families; it is suggested that comprehensive vision screening be provided children upon reaching school age so that problems can be corrected early. (JD)

The article examines the relative sizes of the nation's partially sighted, legally blind but not functionally blind, and functionally blind populations as a function of age. (Author/CL)

The study assessed transfer of visual training for myopia using two different training stimuli and a single subject A-B-C-A design with a male student volunteer. A procedure including stimulus fading and reinforcement (positive verbal feedback) was used to effectively improve performance on both behavioral acuity tests during the training phases…

The author examines research on the reading skills of students with partial vision, noting the educationally handicapping consequences (including problems in rapidly implementing alternative scanning strategies), and suggesting implications for placement and instructional decisions. (CL)

A study involving two college students with visual impairments which made them incapable of accommodating visually revealed that Ss improved recognition efficiency with feedback but did not generalize the efficiency from trained to untrained stimuli of similar complexity. (CL)

Discusses recent advances in the understanding of the photoreceptor function. Phototransduction, photoreceptor syncitium, and the signal at the synapse are among the topic areas addressed. (DH)

Reviews the effects of vision changes on intelligence and explains how intellectual performance may be improved by attempting to compensate for vision loss. Suggests that vision factors can't be ignored when assessing intellectual changes and may account for a large portion of mental impairment previously ascribed to other factors. (JAC)

The Parsons Visual Acuity Test (PVAT) described in the article has been developed for use with difficult-to-test individuals previously labeled untestable. The studies reported support use of the PVAT as an alternative screening procedure for identifying difficult-to-test persons who are in need of a professional eye examination. (Author/CL)

Describes ways in which parents and teachers can be alert to potential hearing and vision problems. Includes lists of behaviors and complaints which may indicate problems. (HS)

The size of the effective visual field during the first weeks of life is found to depend on two factors: It increases with age, but contracts in the face of competition from ongoing activity such as fixation of a central stimulus or nonnutritive sucking. (Author/SB)