Two experiments are reported in which a cognitive (attributional) model of achievement motivation is applied to two achievement-related behaviors, persistence and selection of intermediate-risk tasks. Results of Experiment I indicated that S's perceived effort expenditure was related to persistence for high achievers. In Experiment II, high…

This work assesses the characteristics of current Air Force accessions. On the basis of draft lottery numbers, four groups of basic trainees enlisting in early 1970 were defined in terms of their draft vulnerability at the time of enlistment. These groups, designated as high, moderate, low, and no threat, were compared on a number of dimensions.…

Male and female enlistee samples were compared for total groups and by enlistment region in terms of their performance on the Airman Qualifying Examination (AQE) and the Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Battery (ASVAB). Women in the Air Force (WAF) test-retest performance was evaluated on the Armed Forces Women's Selection Test (AFWST) which is…

This third volume of a three part study evaluating vocational training provided in correctional institutions, focuses on the rehabilitation program's impact on offender post-release performance, evaluated in terms of recidivism and employment status. Data were obtained through post-release questionnaires distributed at selected intervals to…

Following a brief investigation of the need for performance objectives specifying teacher behavior, this report develops a performance base for field experience. The purpose of performance objectives in field experiences and the relationship of these objectives to the student teacher, cooperating teacher, and university supervisor are discussed in…

During the 1960's, the Teen-Aged Driver Study was undertaken in response to legislative concern over the high accident and conviction rate among teenage drivers. Since that study had to be completed rapidly, the present study was undertaken in order to provide a more comprehensive study of teenage drivers. The sample for this study consisted of…

Three studies compared learning and problem-solving performances of normal and familially-retarded children on tasks differing in complexity, and one study investigated motivational-personality differences. Main purpose of the first three studies was to investigate the controversy between developmental and defect theorists in mental retardation.…

This report contains information on performance-based or competency-based teacher certification in each of the 50 states and the District of Columbia. The existing and/or planned requirements in each of the states for performance-based certification are listed. It is noted that a certification system is considered performance-based when it…

This investigation used social psychological concepts in analysis of social processes among pupils engaged in a cooperative task. It explored several ways of increasing interdependence among participants and determined the effects of such conditions on pupil performance. The subjects were 228 randomly selected fourth and fifth grade students. The…

This study was concerned with the problem of decreasing 4-H members at the junior high level. Data were collected from 289 seventh, eighth, and ninth graders in interviews. Data were classified into two groups according to the level of participation in 14 4-H events and activities; there were 173 high participators and 116 low participators. The…

Reported project objectives were to develop a pupil performance profile which describes the effects of specific instructional materials and management procedures on student performance and to develop a model which predicts pupil performance in a given set of materials under particular conditions. Instructional materials (Mathematics, M.W.…

A cognitive explanation of achievement-related behavior is developed. It is suggested that high and low achievers diverge behaviorally in the achievement situation because they conceptualize the causes of success and failure in different ways. The results of a study are presented which show that subjects high in achievement needs tend to attribute…

Eighty-four nine year old children, twelve in each of seven experimental groups, learned a two-choice successive discrimination problem. The parameters that were systematically manipulated included: (1) immediate versus delayed reinforcement; and (2) forced preresponse stimulus exposure versus stimulus exposure during the delay interval,…

NONINTELLECTIVE FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT IN COLLEGE WERE INVESTIGATED IN THREE PHASES OF RESEARCH--(1) PERSONALITY AND MOTIVATIONAL CORRELATES OF ACADEMIC APTITUDE AND PERFORMANCE AMONG STUDENTS WHO HAD COMPLETED AT LEAST 1 YEAR OF COLLEGE WERE EXAMINED, (2) DATA WERE COLLECTED FROM FRESHMAN STUDENTS BEFORE THEY ENTERED…

AN ANALYSIS OF THE PERFORMANCE OF FIRST-SEMESTER COLLEGE STUDENTS ON A MULTIPLE-CHOICE TEST OF PROFICIENCY IN GERMAN GRAMMAR REVEALED A CURIOUS PATTERN. LOW SCORING STUDENTS TRIED TO ESTABLISH A CORRELATION BETWEEN THE DETERMINER AND THE WORD PRECEDING IT, APPARENTLY BY MATCHING SIMILAR OR PARALLEL FINAL VOWELS OR CONSONANTS WITH INFLECTED ENDINGS…