Cultural context is examined to explain teacher response to attempts to socialize them to a new primary curriculum in recent years. It is recommended that future research on educational innovation concern itself with such issues in addition to the usual concern for academic consequences of change. (MSE)

Describes the career and methods of A. S. Makarenko, revered in the Soviet Union for his successful work with children abandoned in the Civil War (1918-1921). Evolution of his theories in later Soviet education is traced and comparisons made with institutions for homeless or delinquent youth in other countries. (SJL)

Describes political consciousness in collectivities. Symbolist thought, focused on the idea of "myth," is linked with material thought, focused on the concept of "ideology." Suggests that a description of political consciousness can be constructed from the structures of meaning exhibited by a society's vocabulary of…

Though recreational programs are not planned specifically to reduce delinquency, well-planned recreation programs can keep potential delinquents from misusing their leisure time. (JN)

A teacher education program was developed to enable preservice teachers to discuss and role-play the kinds of behavior associated with being a classroom teacher. This evalution report examines the curriculum design and trialing procedures, and reports the findings from experimental use of the curriculum in four institutions. (Author/BW)

Four topics are briefly reviewed: how girls are socialized into the feminine role; how elementary schools discriminate against boys and secondary schools against girls; the question of biological sex differences in learning; and recent changes in sex roles and the status of women. (Part of a theme issue on women.) (SJL)

A longitudinal study of the ego and cognitive development of boys and girls revealed that sex-different socialization practices cause the two sexes to create different premises about the world, develop different competencies, and use different cognitive structures to deal with new experience. (Author/WD)

The premise that "sports builds character" is scrutinized through a discussion of several contact sports--boxing, hockey, and football. The fine line between assertiveness and aggression is explored, and the interrelationship between society and sports is investigated. (JN)

Though families still provide the primary function of early socialization, problems may arise when values and methods used by schools and teachers conflict with those of the parent or exclude the parent. Discontinuities between family and school emerge because of the differences in their function and purpose. (JN)

This model postulates that because of women's socialization they lack strong expectations of personal efficacy in relationship to career-related behaviors, thus failing to realize their capabilities and talents. Sex differences in the access to and availability of information important to developing strong expectations of personal efficacy are…

Examined the significant influences in predicting preferred traditional versus egalitarian marriages among university students. Overall, male university students preferred traditional marriages while female students preferred egalitarian marriages. Sex interacted significantly with desired family task involvement, desired job task involvement, and…

A content analysis of television programs presented during times likely to have high proportions of children in the audience indicated that entertainment programs contain messages about the political system which are often negative or inaccurate. (Author/MER)

Mothers', fathers', and peers' differential reward and punishment of 3- and 5-year-old children's sex-typed behaviors were examined using a laboratory analog of a natural play context. Implications for social learning and reciprocal-role development are explored and a social network perspective on children's social development is discussed.…

Outlines steps toward integrating student opinion into the policy and decision-making structure of the school. The objective is to provide students a way to achieve meaningful participation in the school setting. The relationship among academic achievement, dropout rates, and student participation is discussed and a student opinion questionnaire…

Women had higher high school grades and academic ability test scores in Grade 9. By 11 years after high school, men had more education and were earning more money. Sex differences in realization of achievement potential were found across all socioeconomic levels, and found to be partially due to role conflict. (Author/JAC)