Collected time-use diaries of television viewing from two cohorts of children (ages 2-5 and 4-7) from low-income families and gave annual tests of reading, math, receptive vocabulary, and school readiness. Found that viewing of child-audience informative programs between ages 2 and 3 predicted higher academic performance. Frequent viewers of…

Focuses on the problem of predicting college success given traditional cognitive measures. The first four chapters describe a study conducted in the United States and Estonia to determine variables associated with college success. The next four chapters contain commentary and critiques of the study, with reaction in the final chapter by the study…

This study investigated whether undergraduate students encode spurious correlations in memory and exhibit them during the learning process leading to ineffectual problem solving. Findings suggested that even experienced students relied on surface-structure feature-algorithm correlations for solving new problems. Findings pose implications for…

Trained 1- to 3-year-olds to touch a video screen displaying a unique target and appearing among varying numbers of distracters; correct responses triggered a sound and four animated objects on the screen. Found that children's reaction time patterns resembled those from adults in corresponding search tasks, suggesting that basic perceptual…

A study investigated speech disfluency and stuttering behaviors in 3- and 4-year old children who do (CWS, n=36) and do not (CWNS, n=36) stutter. Four out of 5 measures significantly differed between groups. Within the CWS group there was a significant relationship between stuttering onset and percentage of stuttering-like disfluencies. (Contains…

Presents a multidimensional perspective to training transfer for performance professionals that concerns both task adaptability and worker autonomy. Offers principles for effective transfer as well as specific problems which must be solved to achieve the best results. Provides suggestions for evaluating training success. (AEF)

Defines "measurement" and "evaluation" and applies the definitions to the concepts of performance and performance improvement. Discusses challenges in using measurement in evaluation and performance improvement. Proposes a research agenda for measuring performance and its improvement. (AEF)

Four experiments investigated the development of visuomotor control in sequential pointing in tasks varying in difficulty among 6- to 10-year-olds and adults. Comparisons across difficulty levels and ages suggest that motor development is not a uniform fine-tuning of stable strategies. Findings raise argument for stage characteristics of…

Two experiments found that German-speaking dyslexic 9-year-olds showed impaired learning of pseudonames in several visual-verbal learning tasks, even when phonological retrieval cues were provided and when pseudonames were presented in spoken and printed form. There was no deficit when short, familiar words were used, and no difficulty in…

Discusses value of search results as a whole, a measure which asks for a user's rating of the usefulness of a set of search results based on a Likert scale, and suggests that this measure provides a simple way for system comparison and eliminates problems of information-retrieval evaluation with multiple measures. (Author/LRW)

Two experiments assessed visuomotor sequence learning in 4- to 10-year-olds using a serial reaction time (SRT) task with random and sequenced trials. Found that children demonstrated sequence-specific decreases in RT. Participants with explicit awareness of the sequence at the session's end showed larger sequence-specific RT decrements than…

A study involving 91 children (ages 3-5) divided into more able and less able sub-groups found mathematical word problems containing inconsistent information were more difficult than those with consistent information. Word problems containing inadequate and redundant information were more difficult to explain than those items with just enough…

Over the last decade, researchers in physical education have turned to several theories to address student motivation and learning in physical education. Although several theories have been explored, Achievement Goal Theory has emerged as a prominent theory for effective interventions in fostering student motivation. The purpose of this feature…

Although the application of the balanced scorecard (BSC) in the business sector is well documented, very little research has been reported regarding the adaptation or application of the BSC in the education sector. In this article, the authors (a) describe how the Baldrige Education Criteria for Performance Excellence has adapted the concept of…

The term "mission creep" was originally coined nearly a hundred years ago to describe the gradual process by which a military mission's stated methods and goals change, and recently the term has been applied to incremental organizational changes. In this article, the term is used to describe what happens when a teaching-oriented college or…