Research from the late 1960's to 1974 reveals that early sex role socialization affects the intellectual achievement and career choices of women. Whereas preschool girls test as well or somewhat better than boys on various intelligence measures, high school boys test higher in general intelligence, and number, spatial, and analytic ability. One…

A model for evaluation planning of post-literacy programs involves listing possible evaluation needs, administration of evaluation, and dissemination of evaluation results for utilization by all potential users. Questions that should be pursued in evaluating post-literacy can be divided into these categories: (1) questions at the interface…

To illustrate his claim that schools generally do a remarkably good job of schooling while the society makes inadequate use of other means to educate young people, the author presents a case history of a young American (identified pseudonymously as "Brad") whose schooling was adequate but whose education was not. Brad, jobless and…

Based on the evidence and theory that sex-role differentiation increases in salience during those later high school years as students prepare for their imminent transition into young adulthood, it was anticipated that there would be a lower orientation toward achievement among grade 12 girls than grade 10 girls, and, possibly, the opposite for…

Several aspects of gender concept development were investigated in 60 children of mixed socioeconomic background ranging in age from three to six years. Tasks were designed to assess gender constancy, knowledge of sex-stereotypes, differential memory and preference for sex-typed material, and gender categorization. Cognitive maturity was assessed…

The purpose of the present study was to assess the explanatory powers of three theories of sex role development: secondary reinforcement through parental nurturance; instrumental conditioning by dating partners; and social learning through observations of outcomes for mothers. Subjects' responses to questionnaire items were utilized to measure the…

Described is a structured approach to managing behavior and increasing socialization skills of severely disturbed children in primary and adolescent classrooms. It is noted that manual signing accompanied by verbalization, gesture, and physical assisting is used to communicate behavioral expectations in the primary class; while in the adolescent…

This research plan focuses on selected determinants of sexual behavior and contraceptive use for a stratified quota sample of adolescent boys and girls. Attention is concentrated on the socialization processes through which these youth develop attitudes toward heterosexual behavior and the ways in which these attitudes as well as situational…

This paper analyzes the prophetic speech of Ga spirit mediums in terms of its linguistic style and its socio-religious function. As used in the study, "prophetic speech" is understood to have two major characteristics: (1) glossolalic style, and (2) prophetic message content, and it is used by people believed to be possessed by spirits. Prophetic…

It was hypothesized that children, like adults, cognize social groups by applying social schemata. Their facility with social schemata was predicted to be a function of their level of cognitive development. When children were asked to complete partial social structures, formal and concrete operational, but not preoperational children, readily…

Refines and clarifies certain concepts having to do with school vandalism and its control; examines the concept of social control as applied to the problem of controlling the young, delimiting it to conscious, social and formal dimensions, and summarily reviews research and theory in the area of school vandalism. (JM)

Discusses the mass media and education, arguing that the crucial phenomenon is the industrialization of the mind: the mind-making industry is viewed as a product of the last hundred years which has developed at such a pace and assumed such varied forms that it has outgrown understanding and control. (Author/JM)

Discusses the process of getting television into syllabuses as a subject; noting that the key question about a communications system is why the communicators want to communicate, and arguing that in the case of large networks, the purpose is to validate the existing social system, up-holding the concept of the political concensus and mainstream…

The initial evaluation of an elementary school international relations simulation indicates that the simulation had most impact on participant beliefs. (DE)

Using historical data from the literature, the case of the early Polish Peasant immigrants to America is examined to illustrate the use of ethnic attachment as a key variable (in preference to simple ethnic group membership or class-status explanations), in understanding the development and change of cultural ideologies and their influence on…