No significant sex differences are found in the mean level of either educational or occupational expectation, but the distribution of occupational choices parallels the current sex segregation of the occupational sector. Further, relative to academic achievement, females have lower expectations than males. (Author/AM)

Examines how Soviet elementary textbooks inculcate political attitudes about Lenin, history and current events, and the importance of the Soviet army. Excerpts from readers are included as illustrations of political instruction. (AV)

An internal locus of control (LOC) orientation was significantly related to academic achievement and high self-esteem. For males, LOC was related to grade point averages and not achievement test scores, while the reverse held for females. Differential socialization of females from males might account for the lack of relationship between grades and…

Describes student and faculty experiences in a four-year or upper division degree program for registered nurses; analyzes the students' socialization (or learning roles) using a combination of two theories of social influence involving compliance, identification, and internalization; and discusses a model of planned change in professional…

Focusing on midcareer administrators, this review examines the socialization processes in school administration; the socialization of teachers, principals, and superintendents is discussed. The socialization within administrative roles in the central office is emphasized in terms of career patterns and influence in policy decisions. (BW)

Beilin examines the previous three papers. In explaining cognitive development, social learning theory fails to account for rule invariance in the face of capricious and informationally impoverished experience, does not explain the acquisition of abstract rule systems, and offers less flexibility than Piaget's explanations based on operations and…

Major points of this paper are: (a) that the goals of femininity and competence are not necessarily the same, and (b) that little is known about how to rear females to be competent, partly because competence, especially intellectual competence, has never been considered an important goal for females. (Author/AM)

A number of general considerations in communication channel selection are noted, and the literature of channel use among older persons is reviewed. While television is the dominant medium among older persons generally, print media play important roles also, especially among those with higher levels of education. (Author)

Reports findings from a longitudinal study of 200 children who are growing up in a variety of family styles. This interim report views the study project in its first and middle phases, covering the birth, infancy and entry into the preschool period of the study children. (BR)

Describes problems encountered in educating students to become citizens who are capable of responding to domestic and international challenges. Discusses the responsibility of social studies educators in the realm of citizenship education. (Author/DB)

The principle for unification around which a minimal, necessary consensus could be mustered among various constituencies in public education is to include in every curriculum a strand of instruction designed to prepare pupils for enlightened citizenship in a modern, democratic society. (Author/MJB)

This article suggests that educators and future teachers can learn a great deal about multicultural education by familiarizing themselves with the work of political scientists. (MM)

Concludes that the immediacy of political conflict in local schools over the last decade has provided a teaching surrogate. The salience of such school issues for the young has been greater than many other kinds of local and national politics, and it should have had greater effect on political learning than traditional classroom instruction.…

Author states that: "Education /in these countries/ is openly and avowedly political, seeking to prepare the child for a useful life in the socialistic society."