Three student experimenters individually trained and tested eight fourth grade children who had been randomly selected and labeled either learning disabled or normal. (Author/CL)

Expectations of a college environment held by incoming transfer students were compared with the expectations of incoming college freshmen. The results support previous research which suggests the existence of a transfer myth. Transfer students' expectations were also found to be uninfluenced by the type of institution previously attended. (Author)

Examines an alternation effect and a repetition effect in a two-choice reaction time task. Two further experiments examine the roles of subjective expectancy and an automatic facilitation in determining these effects. (Editor/RK)

Subjects (N=80) made expectancy of success statements in a dart throwing task under two conditions. Significant differences between criterion groups were obtained, with success statements remaining constant across difficulty levels in the relative criterion condition while declining rapidly as a function of task difficulty in the absolute…

Social Cognitive Career Theory suggests that self-efficacy and outcome expectations underlie vocational interests, goals, and actions. Counselors can use this theoretical framework to assess women's perceived career barriers and the effects of personal and contextual factors on vocational choices. (SK)

Investigated whether the prediction of drinking might be enhanced by considering salience of alcohol expectancies rather than mere endorsement. Hierarchical regression analyses demonstrated that expectancy salience significantly improved the prediction of total alcohol consumption above and beyond the effects of expectancy endorsement. Expectancy…

Summarizes a study that describes the information parents receive about their children's school experiences (the information base) and investigates the relationship between information-base characteristics and parents' aspirations and expectations about their children's school performance. Participants who reported receiving consistent school…

Studied the messages being conveyed to prospective students in campus visits and summer orientation sessions at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. Findings for 497 prospective students show that the visit and orientation program may be effective, but programs are trying to communicate too much. Findings also show the importance of the campus…

Five experiments demonstrated that 6.5-month-olds perseverated in a violation-of-expectation task to examine reasoning about width information in containment events. After watching a familiarization event in which a ball was lowered into a wide container, infants failed to detect the violation when the same ball was lowered into a container half…

Career interests, efficacy expectations, and parental support were measured for 120 Native American and 134 Caucasian adolescents. Native Americans had greater interest in Realistic and Commercial occupations and those requiring high school diploma, trade school, or two-year postsecondary education. They were similar to Caucasians in range of…

A teacher shares the memories of and the lessons learned from a group of students he taught for 3 years more than 25 years ago. From transcripts of the students' comments at the reunion, five factors emerged as critical to teaching and learning: enthusiasm, engagement, equality, expectations, and encouragement. (Author/MLF)

John Gardner reflects on everything from current efforts to improve the first-year experience to the assessment movement, student expectations of college, professional preparation for student affairs, and more. (Author)

Results of a study of 31 women majoring in engineering and 43 women majoring in mathematics education showed the following variables distinguished between the two groups: success expectations for traditional and nontraditional occupations, self-efficacy for traditional occupations, and outcome desirability. (SK)

Women may attempt to cope with conflicting school and family roles by trying to work harder, altering personal expectations or behavior, or altering externally imposed expectations. When possible, continuing educators can help by transforming the inflexibilities of higher education. (SK)

Argues that a moralistic approach to plagiarism is not likely to make the problem disappear. New thinking about plagiarism and pedagogy must take its complexity into account, since plagiarism is not always the result of a willful desire to deceive, but may reflect a misunderstanding of the nature of work in the discipline. (SLD)