The questions proposed by this study were: (1) Do students in the teacher preparation program develop relativistic thinking in the present course of their teacher preparation studies? and (2) Would a written modified reflective judgment interview be feasible as a screening device to help educators assess the development of reflective judgment in…

Trends in values development over 10 years were studied with university students/graduates of the University of Qatar, which is located in the Western Arabian Gulf. In order to define and identify values, content analysis of student autobiographies was conducted for 60 students in their last 2 academic years. Autobiographies by each student were…

Many decisions made in the curriculum of life are philosophical. Few choices are made empirically. In the school/class setting, teachers and supervisors need to choose from among opposite ideas: (1) programmed learning versus learning centers or open space education; (2) basal readers versus individualized reading programs; (3) stated objectives…

Until recently the Holocaust was largely ignored in history books and literature, leaving most students without even the basic knowledge of an event that can and should have meaning for them. Nothing can really "explain" it, but literature, because it is concerned with feelings and conveys emotions, can move young people to an empathetic…

A "tacit" dimension of knowledge is being studied within the Swedish Research on Higher Education Program. This tacit dimension includes the practitioner's capacities for applying knowledge in practice, taking a personal stance, having a sense of history, and dealing with personal and moral problems. This kind of knowledge is assumedly unnoticed…

The role of the university in moral and value issues are discussed in a 1987 inaugural address by the president of Indiana University. He suggests that a college education should include values through both intellectual inquiry and example. Liberty to speak and write is an essential value if faculty and students are to achieve their academic…

The great waves of foreign immigration, the onset of rapid industrialization, the emergence of an urban working class--all features of the post Civil War United States that might have contributed to rising crime rates--did not. Ted Robert Gurr suggests that a growth of the "civilizing process" occurred in which people turned away from violence and…

An analysis of four writers' portrayals of nineteenth and early twentieth century working class life reveals a progression of political thought about the treatment of people's struggles to effectively change society. In Dickens'"Hard Times" (1854), the protagonist is a martyr-saint who finds solace in subduing his anger and continuing to…

The background, evaluation process, theories, and practical aspects of the Just Community High School in Cambridge, Masachusetts, are presented. The document is organized into four sections. Section 1 briefly discusses the components of a Just School: participatory democracy with teachers and students having equal rights, emphasis on conflict…

A 20-year study to verify Lawrence Kohlberg's theory of moral development through a new research design, the Standard Issue Scoring System, is reported. Kohlberg theorizes that an individual progresses through several stages in attaining moral judgment. As children grow older, they are able to integrate diverse points of view on a moral conflict.…

Proceedings of a conference to explore the impact of women's studies scholarship on the humanities are divided into eight sections. Section I, an introduction, describes the rationale of the conference and gives an overview of conference attendance. Section II introduces the keynote speakers. Section III contains the texts of the three keynote…

Questioning the desirability of whether private schools should receive federal or state aid, the paper outlines how such aid can cause entanglement problems for private schools. In accepting governmental aid, private schools can lose their autonomy, including (1) the ability to select and dismiss students with autonomy, (2) the ability to advocate…

This paper reviews the problems of identifying the kinds of risks to which subjects in research projects are exposed, establishes the role of federal funding agencies in risk identification and suggests ways to protect children who are research subjects. The risks cited are primarily psychological, sociological, physiological, and/or academic.…

This paper reexamines the primary goals of education as they were stated by educators many years ago as the seven "Cardinal Principals" of public education: (1) Instruction in health, the inculcation of good health habits, and the provision of physical education; (2) the acquisition of the basic skills--reading, writing, oral expression, and…

A curriculum model is presented for the development of competent citizens. The foundation of the model is not courses or disciplines but, rather, the characteristics of good citizens. These characteristics are identified in terms of understandings, attitudes, skills, and behaviors that are desirable in citizens if they are to promote unity,…