Categorizes communication dimensions used by new academic administrators to aid in defining their role-making experiences. Reveals how new chairpersons use communication to learn the tasks they need to perform, establish and maintain relationships, structure and respond to the behavior of others, and initiate new ways of doing things. (MS)

Examines responses of sixty preschool children interviewed on their understanding of war. Although the majority of children could not articulate details of the specific nature of war, they indicated that war was bad for morally relevant reasons. Implementations of the findings for preschool educators are discussed. (Author/DST)

Proposes and tests an attributional model of parent social cognition and examines parents'inferences about why everyday child behaviors occur and what consequences these inferences may have for socialization. (HOD)

Reports on a study of engineering students at the Technical University of Norway (NTH) which focuses on the factors that influence women to become students at NTH. Compares study results to national and international studies concerning women and work. (ML)

Reports a study of mathematically and verbally talented children which investigated hypotheses that (1) mathematically related fields are sex typed as male domains and (2) parents give differential encouragement to sons and daughters in math. Results indicated that neither hypothesis related to current sex differences in mathematical reasoning…

In response to changing social norms and "psychosocial epidemics" disrupting children's lives, schools must become more important agents of character development, providing education in civic virtue and personality adjustment. Schools'"damage control" function cannot succeed without involving families and reevaluating existing…

Investigates the influence on Scottish preschool children's self-control of labels regarding patience given directly to the children themselves, and of the expectations regarding the children's patience provided to adult testers. Childrens self-control was assessed in a task in which each child's possession of accumulating candy rewards was made…

Assesses the degree of difficulty parents attribute to specific socialization tasks; explores the relation between parents' perceived difficulty and children's perceived and actual competence in these two domains; and determines whether the ease or difficulty of these child rearing tasks, as perceived by parents, varies as a function of the…

Examines cognitive barriers to an individual's personalizing information about social discrimination against groups in which he/she is a member. Results suggest that individuals are more aware of discrimination against others than against themselves and are more likely to attribute personal efficacy and control to themselves than to others. (SA)

Observation indicates that affect is experienced prior to organized thought. After five months emotional responses are increasingly differentiated and independent of physical state. All childhood learning is propelled by affect. Adults who work with children must recognize their emotions to facilitate their acquisition of skills and knowledge.…

Current research concerning affective development in infants and children is selectively reviewed. The focus of findings and discussion is on three general and related topics: (1) expression of emotion and affective interaction in infancy; (2) socialization and regulation of emotion; (3) comprehension of emotions and empathy with others by…

Powerful elites assume they embody rationality and see themselves as husbanders of a set of common values. Any effort to develop an educationally sound policy on the teaching of value issues must be tied to alterations in the existing distribution of power in our society. Several approaches are evaluated. (MT)

This analysis of current adult reading habits, library use during previous year, and related childhood experiences of both the respondents and their parents reveals the importance of social learning and parents as primary agents in the development of reading and library habits. Twenty-three references are included. (EJS)

Comments on a preceding discussion of control in Japanese and American cultures by Weisz et al. Discusses forms and modes of control, the context-boundedness of interpersonal relations, and concept of self in Japan. (KH)

One of the major barriers to effective schools is the tracking and ability grouping system, which socializes children to trajectories of failure or success throughout their school lives and adult careers. Since schools play a major role in forging adolescent identity, such a process systematically disadvantages students given negative labels and…