Methods of studying the gap between predisposition and actual behavior of consumers of spectator sports is discussed. A model is drawn from the areas of behavioral sciences, consumer behavior, and leisure research. The model is constructed around the premise that choice is primarily a function of personal, product, and environmental factors. (JN)

Early childhood educators have long recognized the value of early socialization experiences provided by the peer group. Early peer experiences contribute to social development in that the importance of cooperating, sharing, and competing among equals is learned for the first time. (JN)

Based on the data gathered from the National Longitudinal Surveys of Labor Market Experience, this article discusses how such variables as attachment to work and occupational achievement may be influenced by the different stages in a worker's lifetime. (BM)

Maintaining that social studies classes should teach students to participate and acquire a feeling of political efficacy, the article suggests ways of introducing social participation into the formal curriculum. Ways of using students groups to promote participation are outlined. (DB)

Results suggest that children's communication skills can be increased with a relatiionship enhancement curriculum of relatively short duration. But self-esteem and communication skills are relatively independent phenomena. Teachers interested in increasing self-esteem need to include exercises specifically aimed at self-enhancement. (Author)

Reports on a study examining such hypotheses as that proportionally fewer women than men seek administrative posts, that women who become administrators have more teaching experience than male administrators, and that male and female candidates have equal academic qualifications. (IRT)

Women in Canada and the U.S. enjoy neither equality of access to higher education nor equality of treatment within graduate level institutions. While women in the U.S. have somewhat greater access to graduate study, they are excluded from the sponsorship system in which Canadian women participate. (SB)

Groups of teachers and teacher education majors in Australia at various stages of training are surveyed in terms of their attitudes toward teachers and education, changes in these attitudes, and cross-group comparisons of attitudes. (JMF)

Students' self-control skills did not increase significantly. No one treatment clearly emerged as a more effective method for self-control training. Additional research is needed to isolate variables and to offer a better understanding of the student's personality in the classroom unit. (Author)

The current status of secondary physical education is examined in five determinants of curriculum and in presentations of specific styles of physical education curriculum. Curriculum styles such as disciplinary, personalized, and social reordering are chosen based on students, teachers, schools, equipment, facilities, and subject matter involved.…

Forms of social control used by schools to maintain order are no longer appropriate, and may be contributing to further disruption and violence. (SK)

Examines the current emphasis in the People's Republic of China on education for modernization in light of policy swings since 1949 between "Red" and "Expert" education for technological advancement and education for communist values. Particular attention is given to moral and political education. (SJL)

Presents a comprehensive criticism of educational reform and educational forms using the notion of fit between formal education and the future social status of children. Argues for a version of competency-based meritocracy. (Author/MLF)

In order to arrive at a better theory of linguistic socialization, the study examined the relationship of the language of socialization, the content of the communication and the social reality in which socialization takes place by administering a questionnaire to 31 Mexican American mothers. (Author/SB)