The middle school's function as a "transition" school is discussed in this article. Emphasized are the opportunities for students that are made possible by this transitional function. (BE)

This article describes a discipline program for urban elementary school students. The program is based on several theories of moral development and it emphasizes the importance of the social context of the school environment. (Author/EB)

The nature of adult education is determined by the kind of political entity controlling it: liberal democracy, communist state, or developing country. Adult education in these different national structures and its significance in social and economic development is discussed, with emphasis on the need for continuity despite political changes. (MF)

Presents rationale for the study of ethnic pluralism in social studies education and suggests strategies for curriculum development. Ethnic pluralism has direct implication for the universal goals of social studies, and is related to prevailing societal conditions and to social learning theories. (Author/KC)

Presents a modified social learning theory account of the contribution of imitation to sex role development. Subjects of the two experiments described were elementary school boys and girls. (MP)

The biological and the cultural aspects of human play are inextricably linked and mutually influence each other. (LH)

Examines the attitudes of Irish secondary school students toward political parties and the influence of the parties on the students. Results showed high student awareness of party differences, parental disposition to be an important influence, and party attitude to be an important influence on certain issues. (Author/CK)

Describes how six case study institutions were selected by the Political Education Research Unit, outlines some of the questions which the research team attempted to answer, and describes the approaches adopted to these questions. (Author/CK)

Reviewing research relating mathematical achievement to gender, the authors argue that remedies for math anxiety need to be evaluated and new techniques devised that are most closely linked to theories of learning. They maintain that proper techniques can be effective in reversing female underachievement and preventing math avoidance. (Author/SK)

Returning women were slightly more egalitarian on attitudes toward sex-specific activities and the women's movement. They were significantly more traditional in attitudes toward fundamental differences between sex roles. Results suggest that women returning to school enhance support for feminist beliefs. (Author/BEF)

Discusses the need to relate an understanding of the experience of schooling to the cultural and economic conditions of society. The work of Paul Willis is used to exemplify the processes by which a dominant class establishes ideological hegemony and legitimates and maintains an existing social order. (Author/MLF)

Summarizes the theory of psychological differentiation and reviews recent cross-cultural research on the roles of child rearing, culture, and ecology in the development of individual, group, and sex differences in the field dependence-field independence cognitive style component of psychological differentiation. (SS)

Psychoanalytic, social learning and cognitive-developmental theories are evaluated in terms of their usefulness in explaining sex role acquisition. A model that attempts to integrate the most significant features from each theoretical position is proposed. (Author/EB)

This study, examining school board elections in Tucson, Arizona, focuses on three research points: (1) the extent to which voters prefer candidates of their own racial/ethnic background; (2) the sociopolitical factors affecting these voters' preferences; and (3) the degree of voter polarization among Chicano and Anglo voters. (Author)

The author discusses adult education and social action, quoting a statement that all serious educational movements are also social movements, and cites examples of this statement from programs and activities in various countries. He also gives a brief introduction to other articles in the issue and invites debate. (MF)