Rules of development are the same for all children, but social contexts shape children's development into different configurations. To educate culturally and linguistically diverse children, teachers must be sensitive to the similarities and differences among themselves, their students, and students' families. They must create a classroom…

To provide male role models (and help save the endangered African-American male), a Miami principal assigned 20 black kindergarten boys to an African-American male teacher and 23 black first grade boys to a white male teacher. Focusing on attendance, academic achievement, student partnerships, gentlemanly manners, and appropriate school behavior,…

Discusses (1) the new perspective on children's capabilities provided by focus on discourse; (2) conversation with an older member of the culture as a context for development; (3) links between linguistic and cognitive development; and (4) children as a member of a culture from infancy onward. Developmental changes and problems in discourse study…

Children's conceptions of the emotions of guilt versus shame were investigated in 2 studies involving children ages 7 to 9 and 10 to 12. Age-related differences in conceptions of guilt and shame emerged. The older children understood the adaptive implications of both emotions, whereas the younger children perceived them more in terms of the…

Urges professors to explain to graduate students the difference between undergraduate programs, which reproduce knowledge, and graduate programs, which are designed to produce knowledge and reproduce the faculty. Suggests that professional socialization be made explicit for students by encouraging them to use the informal curriculum. Recommends…

Discusses theories of liberal education as based on meritocratic and aristocratic assumptions. Describes liberal education as a social equalizer that at the some time hopes to produce an educated elite for expert policymaking. Stresses conflict between these assumptions. Argues that citizens should see public good as their own good and not see…

Describes changes in the treatment of Iranian women since 1979--educational segregation, veiling, textbook content, and military training. Compares women's education before and after 1979 in terms of literacy, preuniversity, and higher education. (SK)

Institutionalized persons (n=149) with severe or profound mental retardation who were treated with heterocyclic antidepressants were divided into responders and nonresponders and compared. Responders were more likely to be those subjects who exhibited symptoms of depression, psychosis, or tantruming and had a higher social age than did…

Examines the impact of the Sekani (British Columbia, Canada) homeland's village, economic, and political reorganization on cultural and language maintenance, focusing on why the Sekani speak English when there is little direct contact with Euro-Canadians and no particular advantages. (Author/CB)

Examines how African-American youngsters maintain their self-esteem in spite of some dissonant signals from their environment. By looking at several dimensions of self-esteem simultaneously, attempts to identify weaker links in Black youth self-efficacy. Follows the development of these dimensions relative to age, gender, and academic history. (AF)

Efforts to enhance student motivation can be more effective if they are approached from the perspective of psychological models of what drives human behavior including social learning theory, personal growth as a primary goal, cognitive development theory, self-efficacy theory, and expectancy-value theory. (Author/MLW)

In a study of organizational socialization, 191 liberal arts majors (171 females and 20 males) at Rutgers University were assessed to determine influences on student teachers' attitudes. Four questionnaires were administered to the students. Sense of efficacy, student control orientation, and associated attitudes were related to organizational…

Discusses reasons for home schooling and suggests ways that libraries can respond to home schoolers. Concerns about academic performance and socialization of home-schooled children are also discussed, and library services are suggested. Such services include community outreach programs, tours, sponsoring workshops, and collection development…

A study of the Lilly Endowment's Teaching Fellows Program, which provides professional growth experiences for junior faculty of colleges and universities, found that the program broadly socializes faculty to their roles and specifically enhances teaching abilities. Implications for institutional leaders and faculty developers are noted.…

Reviews the impact of German unification on German society, politics, and culture. Contends that four decades of separation created political and cultural differences that are difficult to overcome. Expresses concern about the growth of intolerant attitudes and nationalism among citizens of the former East Germany. (CFR)