Interviews were conducted with 30 single women between ages 30-40 in an investigation of the life styles of never-married women. Two-thirds of the respondents reported that, as teenagers, they had established approximate ages for marriage; most expected to be married by age 25. Women who expect to marry see single life as temporary, and may delay…

Conditions are examined under which the imposition of an extrinsic constraint upon performance of an activity can lead to decrements in creativity. Female college students worked on an art activity either with or without the expectation of external evaluation. In addition, subjects were asked to focus upon either the creative or the technical…

The educational expectations of military parents with less than nine years military service time were compared to the actual experiences of military parents who have 17 years or more service time. Emphasis on the characteristic of occupational mobility and how it impacts on the parents' educational expectations. Two groups (N=68 for each group)…

Rather than abandon reading expectancy formulae because they produce different reading expectancy scores, educators should attempt to improve such formulae in order to make appropriate decisions about students. Potential reading levels derived from the use of various expectancy formulae may be compared after converting the scores to stanines,…

The author cites obstacles to the normalization of mentally retarded individuals, including society rigidity, low expectations, desire to maintain status quo, and persistent belief in the fallacy that most basic tasks require intelligence. Studies are reviewed in which moderately and severely retarded persons were successfully trained to perform…

The primary purpose of this research is to determine if there exists covert confounding in student perceptionnaires which significantly affect instructors ratings. Eight calculus classes were randomly selected. Each student completed a Texas A & M University (TAMU) student perceptionnaire the first day of class, envisioning having completed the…

Since attitudes toward retirement may be influenced by attitudes toward aging, this article is intended to correct some of the myths and misinformation held about human aging. Up-to-date research is drawn on to offer a picture of the aging process and its normal changes. (Author/MLF)

Theories and descriptions of various infant fear behaviors are presented in this paper. Five examples of fear are given: (1) learned fear, in which the infant associates some unpleasant action with an agent, (2) unlearned fear, in which the infant experiences an intense sensory phenomena such as a loud noise, (3) stranger anxiety, (4) fear caused…

The hypothesis that the educational and occupational aspirations of students who choose to attend a vocational high school differ from those attending conventional high schools was tested. The educational and occupational aspirations and expectations of 10th grade high school students in a vocational high school were compared with those of 10th…

The present study was designed to investigate the role of expectations in self-concept and level of aspiration (LOA) behavior. Specifically, the focus was to investigate self-concept and LOA as covariates and to describe the nature of the relationship if, in fact, one existed. A sample of 80 third and fourth grade students was selected from three…

This study has tried to provide answers for why 45% of American workers do not want to be promoted in the next 20 years. It was hypothesized that six determinants such as health, low income and job dissatisfaction are responsible for not wanting job promotion. Sex, age and race were hypothesized as determinants of worker's promotional…

Following the reasoning of "expectation states theory", the present study was designed to answer three questions: (1) Is the task orientation of males and females different when they work on a task together? (2) Is the task orientation of males and females working on a task, separately, different? and, (3) If there are differences, will status…

The influence of a child's sex, physical attractiveness, and conduct on parental expectancies of academic and social performance as well as socialization practices of the child's parents were assessed by comparing parental responses on these measures after reading a child's report card. Parents of elementary-age school children were asked to read…

A survey was conducted at Garland Junior College to determine the educational expectations of 69 new students, 122 parents, and 22 college faculty and administrators. Each group in this private women's college was asked to rank, in terms of expectations they held, the following items: learn job skills, mature in relations with others, become more…

The study was conducted among secondary schools in Alaskan communities where large numbers of rural native students are enrolled through the Boarding Home Program. It was assumed that village teachers often did not send student records which would have provided a basis for placing students in appropriate academic programs. It was believed that,…