Examined client preferences and anticipations in relation to counselor self-disclosure. Subjects (N=120) viewed a videotape of a counseling session. As predicted, subjects gave higher ratings to self-disclosing counselors. Confirmation of high preferences and anticipations and disconfirmation of low preferences and expectations led to higher…

Every presidency is a unique situation depending on the characteristics of the person in office, the campus, past and present public expectations of a college president, and many other factors, and not on power and influence. (MSE)

Addresses limitations of previous research by testing second-, fourth-, and sixth-grade children on three measures: an open-ended interview, a story-recognition task, and a questionnaire about the importance of different characteristics to friendships and acquaintanceships. Friendship expectations based on dispositional characteristics increased…

Presents model aimed at resolution of discrepancies between group objectives and individual behavior under certain conditions using step-by-step analysis based on game theory. May be applied by administrators or managers to educational, industrial, or bureaucratic situations where these "people problems" are present. (NEC)

The concept of faculty effectiveness, individually and as a group, is examined, changes in the criteria of effectiveness in the course of faculty careers are considered, and suggestions for assessing effectiveness are discussed. (MSE)

Discusses the effect of race and sex bias on student achievement in science and mathematics. Evidence shows that differing expectations and treatment of students have an impact on achievement. Includes discussions of programs that have effectively increased certain groups' achievement levels. Includes 26 references. (MD)

Reviews recent research in American Indian mathematics achievement. Discusses three promising areas of research into the subject of mathematics underachievement by Native American students: student, teacher, counselor and parent expectations of students in mathematics; the need for culturally based programs in mathematics; and improved pedagogy.…

Examines 8- to 12-year-olds' perceptions of parents' responses to sons and daughters experiencing interpersonal conflicts. Reports that children expect parents to respond in a manner consistent with traditional instrumental-expressive sex-role stereotypes. (Author/KH)

The article offers guidelines to special educators designed to improve consultation skills, specifically in observing the referral settings, clarifying roles, establishing referent power, maintaining positive expectations, and planning and monitoring the intervention program. (CL)

Discussion of the instructional development process from the subject matter experts' perspective explains how this process can be threatening and demotivating for them and how instructional developers can use interpersonal skills to overcome these problems. Topics covered include use of contracts, building a supportive climate, and active…

Sex differences were examined in a longitudinal sample of 193 parent-infant pairs. Sex differences were absent in measures of environment and parent-child interaction but present in parent prediction of children's later intellectual and linguistic skills. The same experiences appear to have different effects for boys and girls. (KH)

A study of Australian high school students' unemployment beliefs revealed significant differences between school leavers and persisters in only three areas. The former rated experience and qualifications more highly in gaining employment; the latter rated luck more highly. Implications for students leaving school with unrealistic expectations are…

Collected data concerning perceptions and expectations of services by rehabilitation counselors (N=7) and 12 of their severely disabled clients. Results showed differences between counselors and clients regarding (a) counselor's role in vocational aspects; (b) control over decision making for rehabilitation services; and (c) counselor perceptions…

Two experiments were conducted to isolate the trait-anxiety-reducing effects of transcendental meditation (TM) from expectation of relief and the concomitant ritual of sitting twice daily. The results strongly support the conclusion that the crucial therapeutic component of TM is not the TM exercise. (Author)

Rather than examining the relative effectiveness of various socially organized learning situations, this study addresses students' beliefs about the effectiveness of such learning environments for them as individuals, as well as their preferences, finding that while whites see little advantage to be gained by working peer group settings, blacks…