Held conversations with children in primary and nursery schools in England to determine the children's ideas about play, work, and learning. Children tended to see play as a social activity unrelated to learning and work as related to teacher-initiated tasks. (BC)

Examined the effects of peer support and parent involvement on the cognitive and social development of 63 preschool children enrolled in rural California Head Start programs. Found that parental involvement in school was predictive of gains in learning skills and classroom behavior, whereas mutual friendships predicted gains in social play and…

Examines gender differences in parent-child interactions and the similarities of these patterns in France, Germany, and Italy, using 29, 27, and 29 parent-child dyads, respectively. Gender and country differences were found. Although gender generally influences parent and child behaviors, culture modifies the way that these differences are…

Parents of 20 children with autism and 14 children with mental retardation, with comparable cognitive developmental levels, completed the Preschool Social Behavior Checklist. Results revealed that autistic children exhibited deficits in imaginative play, peer play, and imitation skills compared to the other group, and that parents are capable of…

Aggressive data from four experimental play groups of seven- and nine-year-old black males were coded to examine whether qualitative aspects of aggression serve to distinguish among the behavior patterns displayed by the groups. Found that age makes a great deal of difference in these behavior patterns. (Author/GLR)

Describes the educational philosophy and procedures of New York City's City and Country School, where two through seven year olds use primary materials to enrich cognitive, emotional, social, and physical growth. The school promotes deep involvement, independent learning, and increased attention span. (BB)

Examines ways to help boys and afternoon attenders to experience as positive a start to nursery education as girls and morning attenders. Highlights adults' key role in helping children develop personal and social skills and the need for home/school partnership. Discusses the implications of gender for play and classroom organization. (nine…

Describes value and discusses models of toy libraries, which enable children and their parents to borrow and play with a range of toys and specialized equipment that might not otherwise be accessible to them. Addresses staffing issues and library goals related to toy libraries, connections between toy libraries and curricula, and benefits of and…

The classrooms of two teachers, two aides, and six children (ages four to eight) with autism were reorganized in their play materials and equipment, room arrangements, and scheduling of instruction and play periods. Adult smiling and affectionate words increased in the free play area, and children's use of play materials and compliance with adult…

Used observation and teachers' ratings of preschoolers' social adjustment to the peer group to study the concurrent validity of social participation categories. Social participation categories of withdrawal and interactive play were well validated by other measures of social adjustment. Parallel play was correlated only with task involvement. (BB)

Describes ways in which the inclusion of literacy materials in kindergarten classroom dramatic play centers encourages young children to incorporate literacy activities into their play. (BB)

Observations of 4-year-old Spanish-speaking Mexican Americans and English-speaking African Americans in Head Start revealed that, during free play, children were determined to exercise control over their involvement with others. Most significantly, Hispanic children were reluctant to enter into verbal play with English speakers and thus received…

Discusses the use of a video camera to record and extend young children's early literacy development through their dramatic play. Suggests that teachers and families can use the camera to capture child-constructed stories and then follow through with discussion; the video can also be used over time, like a portfolio, to evaluate children's…

This seven-year study investigated facets of preschoolers' activity choices and use of physical facilities, including the effects of specific play sites on social relationships. Results showed that group makeup, and gender can affect play choices, while relationships between physical environment and play were undetermined. Different patterns of…

The everyday experiences of one Danish (15 children) and one U.S. (17 children) kindergarten class were studied. In the U.S. kindergarten, teaching of the basics predominated, while play was the main activity in the Danish kindergarten. How these approaches contributed to motivation for learning in the United States and social competence in…