Reviews "On Claims That Answer the Wrong Questions" (James Greeno, 1997) that argues differences between situative and cognitive views of learning are more conceptual than empirical and suggests a need for something greater than empirical evidence to assess the relative worth between these competing perspectives. Additionally reviewed is…

Argues the differences between situative and cognitive views of learning, as proposed by J. R. Anderson et al. (1996), are more conceptual than empirical. It clarifies these differences by inferring questions to which the Anderson discussion provided answers, identifies presuppositions of those questions, and states the different presuppositions…

Argues that the cognitive methodology has delivered real educational applications in a way that the situative methodology has not, and fundamentally can not, and suggests these two approaches should be judged by their abilities to improve education. It addresses each of J. G. Greeno's (1997) criticisms of the situative perspective and argues…

This research identifies the extent to which different contexts modified the language of four people with brain injuries. The four contexts included: their own home, a residential camp, a post-camp period with support, followed by a return home with limited support. Measures demonstrate the success of the enriched camp facility. (Contains…

Used quantitative and qualitative methodologies to examine the implicit theories of intelligence of low-income adolescents of Mexican descent and the meanings they attached to these theories in four academic domains. Found that even students who were designated as entity theorists (intelligence as a fixed trait) on the basis of questionnaire…

Addresses the following aspects of context: multidisciplinary perspectives and definitions of context, contextual shifts between the home and the school, contextual factors involved in the process of learning to write, and pedagogical implications for curriculum development. (CB)

Twelve learning-disabled (LD) children (ages 9-11) with language impairments performed more poorly on 3 verbal metaphor tasks and a visual metaphor task than 12 LD children without language impairments, who, in turn, performed more poorly than 12 nondisabled children on all but the visual task. Context variations had no effect on performance.…

The impact of geographic instability on achievement by 41,735 elementary, middle, and secondary school students in Denver (Colorado) Public Schools was assessed. Results indicate an almost uniformly negative impact of geographic mobility on student achievement; the most negative effects of geographic mobility were found at earlier grade levels.…

An experiment involving fourth graders examined effects of syntactic context on auditory word identification and ability to detect and correct syntactic errors in speech. Severely disabled readers were inferior to good and poor readers in syntactic awareness and ability to use syntactic rules. (RH)

Describes the way in which a second grade teacher changed her practices and beliefs regarding the teaching of mathematics. Illustrates that the changes did not influence her teaching of reading. (PCB)

Two studies examined young children's ability to understand whether the actions of artifacts, insects, mammals, or humans were caused by mental or physical states. The studies suggest that children abstract specific features of action when construing its cause across disparate situations and actors. (MDM)

Suggests that young pupils find collaborative learning hard to sustain, and discusses interpretations of this observation. Suggests that theory and research have neglected situational continuities between formal and (more successful) informal collaborations. Argues for attending more carefully to the environments of joint problem solving and how…

Examined whether certain strategic situations (profit versus survival situations) cause managers to act more ethically or less ethically. Results from multivariate repeated measures tests suggest that managers will vary their level of ethical response when faced with a situation in which the organization's survival is at stake. (Author/JBJ)

Focuses on beginner foreign-language classes at the university level with the goal of identifying the types of learners who participate in "languages for all" programs and how their needs can best be addressed during the first weeks of the course. Students' initial learning needs to be compensated by the development of various kinds of awareness…

Two studies (n=228 and n=175) showed that college students more readily solve proportion problems if the items in the problem are relatively distinct from one another. Translation of units of one item into units of another is easier if the items are substantially different. (MDH)