In this survey, an attempt is made to summarize the perspective on so-called 'misconceptions' research of those whose work in this field has not been guided by learning theory. Following the terminology of Driver and Erickson (1983), this research is called 'problem-oriented' in this paper. Its epistemological assumptions and assumptions about…

A primary goal in experiential education is to facilitate the learning from the activities in a meaningful, empowering and compelling manner. The activities, which are used to guide a reflective session, debrief a particular incident or process a learning activity vary greatly across the profession. In a study of 76 experiential educators in…

In spite of the almost universal call for curriculum reform in science education that began over a decade ago, research indicates that very little change is actually happening in a large majority of schools. Perhaps the reason is that teachers need to see a relatively fast, easy way to get started. This article considers some desirable elements of…

The Conceptual Learning and Development (CLD) Model suggests four successive levels of concept learning: (1) concrete--recognizing an object which has been encountered previously; (2) identity--recognizing a known object when it appears in a different spatial, time, or sensory perspective; (3) classificatory--generalizing that two items are alike…

The Conceptual Learning and Development (CLD) Model suggests four successive levels of concept learning: (1) concrete--recognizing an object which has been encountered previously; (2) identity--recognizing a known object when it appears in a different spatial, time, or sensory perspective; (3) classificatory--generalizing that two items are alike…

The focus of the presentation pertains to the informational consequences of knowledge of results. Knowledge of results is assumed to be corrective in that the learner is informed that a previous response(s) was wrong. Provided the learner has an opportunity to rehearse or practice following feedback, the feedback procedure or session is in a sense…

A review of research suggests that, for at least 70 years, teachers have interacted with their students using a relatively consistent pattern involving lecturing, seat work by students, and teacher/student interaction. Yet, after thousands of research studies, educators are unable to say that those interactions have any significant impact on…

Cooperative education is a learning strategy that fits very well with basic laws of learning. In fact, several basic important learning processes are far better adapted to the cooperative education strategy than to methods that lean entirely on classroom instruction. For instance, cooperative education affords more opportunities for reinforcement,…

This presidential address before the Midwestern Education Research Association describes the chain of evidence that is required to link brain research to classroom practice; describes some of the proposed brain-based curricula and the kinds of evidence presented to support them; and suggests guidelines for evaluating proposals for implementing…

Questioning the process by which language minority students are taught literacy in the United States, this paper argues that language skills, including reading, should not be taught in isolation, and that learning, not literacy, should be the guiding force for educators. The paper first discusses the special reading problems of the language…

Four elements are essential for efficient, effective, and rewarding teaching of beginning reading. The first is the use of children's key vocabulary. Children are asked, in a prescribed fashion, what their very best word is of the moment. The teacher prints it in a prescribed fashion and uses it to help children acquire one-to-one correspondence…

This document--an annotated bibliography on adult learning--is one in a series of four developed to provide a comprehensive overview of the scope of training practices relating to adult learning. It presents brief reviews of approximately eighty selected books and other published materials that relate to adult learning, adult education, and…

The aim of this project was to develop a curriculum for first-year algebra students to provide a wide range of applications of mathematics. This type of application would permit students to understand how algebraic symbolism develops out of natural needs. A pilot draft of the materials was field-tested during the 1974-75 school year, revised, and…

This report opens by asking how operations in general, and addition and subtraction in particular, are characterized for elementary school students, and examines the "standard" instruction of these topics through secondary schooling. Some common errors and/or "sloppiness" in the typical textbook presentations are noted, and…

A project, using a longitudinal survey, seeks to describe the cognitive content of the professional competence developed within the field of engineering, psychology, economics, and medicine. With the aid of several empirical studies, the project will hopefully clarify when and how changes occur in students' perceptions and patterns of thought,…