The purpose of this study was to determine if significant differences exist between mothers', fathers', and teachers' expectations for kindergarten children's reading development and their appraisals of kindergarten children's readiness for reading. The sample population in the investigation consisted of kindergarten children, the children's…

Boards of education and professional educators have been charged with the responsibility for being accountable for the educational dollars. This involves designing and utilizing a model of accountability that would focus on staff development whereby each individual is cognizant of his assignment, areas that need improvement, and assured assistance…

In this experiment, the effects of attainment or nonattainment of self-set goals are assessed in individuals of three ethnic groups (white, black and Mexican-American), both pre- and post-desegregation. The method used to test level of expectation, actual performance, and reactions to success or failure is a simple ring toss game. Subjects varied…

A study was undertaken to determine the degree and nature of expectancy of reinforcement in high school underachievers, and to evaluate a method for modifying the internal versus external expectancies which relate to motivation for achievement and attainment of success. A computer instructional program was used to impart immediate reinforcement…

Intended to provide basic information about the attitudes and behavior of the rural poor, this report summarized data gathered from 9 families living in Michigan's lower peninsula. Selected because their houses and surroundings indicated permanent occupancy by people who were poor, the families were interviewed by 2 college-age women. Responses to…

This study attempted to replicate the findings of Moore, Gagne, and Hauck (1973) and to test the developmental assumption of the two-stage motivational theory proposed by Moore, Means, and Gagne (1972) concerning the effect of combination expectancy-feedback communications. Fourth and second grade subjects were administered five pairs of these…

Historical changes reflected in the educational goals of black and white high school seniors in 1966 and 1972 were compared. The five orientation dimensions studied were aspiration, expectation, goal deflection, goal certainty, and goal intensity. Data were collected in the four contiguous Northeast Alabama counties of Cherokee, DeKalb, Jackson,…

A study was conducted of how children's expectations for their own school performance develop over their first-grade year and what factors influence these expectations. Expectations for performance in reading and arithmetic were studied. Both middle class and lower class (black and white) children have higher expectations than their subsequent…

The purpose of the study was to test the discriminative cue hypothesis by attempting to train pupils to increase effort following a high expectancy condition and to reduce effort following a low expectancy condition. Fourth grade high-IQ low achievers were used as subjects in the study, because the authors felt that while they would learn fast,…

Identification of behavioral correlates of differential teacher expectations for pupil performance is made through a system of dyadic interaction analysis. Observable differences in secondary teachers' behavior with pupils from whom they expect high achievement and pupils from whom they expect low achievement are measured in seven social studies…

Chilean "asentados" and Mexican "ejidatarios" as observed between 1965-73 and 1972-76, respectively, constitute the basis for an analysis of the interaction between peasants and agents of social change in the rural development process. Encounters between peasants and functionaries can be conceived as ceremonies incorporating…

The responses of the Black entering full-time freshman (B) at UTK are compared with those of the nonblack (NB) at UTK as well as those of the norm group from predominantly black colleges (PBC) on descriptive, attitudinal, and expectancy items of the annual ACE freshman survey. Black students at UTK, like the nonblack, are younger and more recent…

Examination of the relationships between achievement ratings and interaction variables suggest that teachers interpret the same student behavior in different ways depending upon the student's race. With increased understanding of the student characteristics and behaviors influencing the formation of differential teacher perceptions, it would be…

Results indicated the lower the expected grade or the higher the obtained grade the more favorable the teacher evaluation. Subjects who obtained an "A" attributed causality for their performance most strongly to themselves, while subjects obtaining a "C" attributed their performance most strongly to the teacher. (BJG)

School-based and other mental health consultants are confronted with consultees who must adjust to the process of consultation by learning the parameters of the interaction. Consultees must learn how to act in this unique setting, and how to use the consultant and the process for their own ends. (Author)