In the serial position memory task, a series of stimulus cards are placed face down in a row in front of the subject. A card identical to the stimulus card is then shown to the subject, who is required to indicate the position of this card in the stimulus array. The present three studies investigated the possibility that the labeling effect found…

The Sampling Organization and Recall Through Strategies (SORTS) test was administered to 87 educable mentally retarded (EMR) children (mean chronological age, 97 months; mean IQ, 70) and 31 nonretarded (NR) second grade children to determine Ss' characteristic grouping responses, the effects of various organizational strategies on recall and…

Two experiments were conducted to examine the possibility that numbering might have an effect on learning of lists composed of more meaningful and highly available materials, words, and to further explore the possibility that different strategies may be employed in learning the two types of lists. In Experiment 1, 40 female students from…

Presented is a test used to measure visual perception ability, which consists of 30 groups of forms that are similar to lines used in forming letters, but do not make letters. They are comparable to nonsense syllables used to simulate words. Each group includes four forms and is numbered. The test was used in Rodenborn's study to determine the…

The present study explores accuracy and speed of responses by the five-year-old child to expanded and conjoined sentences. The following factors were considered: (a) number of transformations, (b) types of transformations, (c) auxiliary-type sentence expansion and (d) type of query (those designed to elicit responses which should reflect…

In an experiment designed to explore the interaction of individual differences with question pacing in learning from written materials, 93 college students were administered aptitude tests representing verbal and memory abilities and then randomly assigned to treatments in which questions were placed after every one or four pages or were omitted…

The study sought to determine if relationships existed among Piagetian measures of reasoning and memory, and if development of the memory process in normals and retardates is identical. Subjects were 48 normals (IQ 90-110) and 48 retardates (IQ 50-75), all CA 8-20 years. A battery of assessments, including conservation, spatial imagery, and memory…

An information-theory model of human memory was tested in thirteen experiments which involved children (six years and older) and graduate students. The subjects conducted science investigations in laboratory and non-laboratory settings, solved problems of electrical circuits, and participated in classroom science lessons. The tasks used involved…

A probabilistic model (see SE 013 578) describing information processing during the cognitive tasks of recall and problem solving was tested, refined, and developed by testing graduate students on a number of tasks which combined oral, written, and overt "input" and "output" modes in several ways. In a verbal chain one subject…

Two studies (1) investigated memory strategies in subjects with different levels of classification skills, and (2) examined the role of early classification skills in memory. Subjects in Study 1 were 60 (kindergarten and first-grade) children. Classification skills were assessed by a pretest. Subjects were assigned to one of two conditions, free…

This paper describes studies which investigated the nature of the relationship between number of categories and recall performance in children, and attempted to determine whether the category-recall effect increases developmentally. A series of three studies was designed so that grade level and stimulus difficulty would not be confounded.…

The series of experiments described here examined the predictions for free recall from sequential models and the shift formulation, focusing on the roles of short- and long-term memory in the primacy/recency shift and on the effects of expectancies on short- and long-term memory. (Author/RK)

The results of this study suggested that size change may contribute to the forgetting of events occurring late in development, but that neurological immaturity may underly the forgetting of earlier events. (Editor/RK)

The purpose of the present experiment was to explore what it is that people remember about complex pictures. The experiment investigated several types of information which people might remember about two kinds of pictures, those which represent real-world scenes and those which represent collections of objects. (Author/RK)

Tested a hypothesized relationship between rules of sentence transformation and preresponse processing time in a short-term memory and transformation task. Data showed that the amount of processing required by different grammatical transformations does not relate to the theoretical derivation. Available from Plenum Publishing Corp., 227 W. 17th…