Investigates whether an increase in anger in response to an attack should be accompanied by an increase in depression, if the opportunity to retaliate against the provoker should reduce both depression and anger, and measures outward hostility of males and females as well as verbal hostility in females. (Author/RK)

Defines the transmission of gossip as an essential social process reflecting a shared group membership and discusses the ways in which gossip supports ideologies held by members of a specific occupation. (MH)

This exploratory study of 79 high school students examined overexcitability assessment as a potential method for identifying giftedness. Overexcitability (an intensified way of experiencing the world) can occur in five areas: psychomotor, sensual, imaginational, intellectual, and emotional. The measure of overexcitability differentiated gifted and…

Investigates relations between psychological health and problem-solving self-appraisal in elderly adults (N=97). Results indicate complex and contradictory relations between problem-solving self-appraisal and psychological health. As problem-solving self-appraisal became more favorable, well-being increased and distress decreased. However,…

Examines a scale that assesses prisoners' (N=1,655) emotional states and suicidal tendency. Results indicate that the scale has both high test-retest reliability and internal consistency. Subscales showed significant discriminant power in differentiating the high- and low-risk groups which were classified according to various measures of suicidal…

Reports the results of a comparison of police officers with prison guards regarding stress and job-related stressors. Data analysis reveals that police officers and guards do not differ significantly in magnitude either of "general" or of "occupation-specific" stress. The groups do differ on the sources of occupation-specific…

This article highlights findings of a study on the suicides of three academically talented male adolescents. Results of the psychological autopsies are reported in terms of commonalities with adolescent suicide in the general population; commonalities among the three cases related to their giftedness; and themes emerging across the cases,…

Investigates the influence of psychological variables upon female college students' aspirations for leadership positions in their future careers. Results demonstrated that connectedness needs, gender role, self-esteem, and fears of negative evaluation accounted for a significant amount of the variance in predicting college women's leadership…

Two experiments examined whether the correlation between advances on theory-of-mind and executive function tasks results from the tasks posing the same executive demands among 3- to 6- year-olds. Findings indicated that performance on the dimensional change card-sorting task (a measure of executive function) was correlated with performance on the…

Compared the effects of different patterns of regular brisk walking on fitness, cardiovascular disease risk factors, and psychological well-being in previously sedentary adults. Data on adults who completed either short-bout or long-bout walking programs found that three short bouts of brisk walking accumulated throughout the day were as effective…

Examines whether sexually abused preschool boys and girls differed in terms of abuse characteristics or psychological outcomes. No differences were found between boys and girls in terms of the victim's age at the time of abuse, perpetrator's age, or the identity of the perpetrator. Results indicated that boys exhibited more developmental delays…

Reviews the concept of rational suicide and compares it with one researcher's list of commonalities of suicide. Claims that the list cannot accommodate rational suicide. Suggests that the list is biased against rational suicide and should be renamed so it cannot be maintained that suicide must be irrational. (RJM)

An analysis of suicide-related calls received by a crisis center indicates that the overall number of calls varied by both month and day of the week. Suicide ideation calls, and calls involving a suicide attempt, varied by day of the month. Results could be used in scheduling crisis center staff. (RJM)

Developed a cognitive mapping technique to investigate psychological propensities that increase one's risk for substance abuse. Male and female frequent users (N=400) and nonusers (N=400) were sampled and gender differences in substance abuse were examined. Results indicate that men show greater vulnerability, overall, to substance abuse than do…

Examined the effect of a 6-week mind/body intervention on college students' psychological distress, anxiety, and perceived stress. Comparison of the responses of intervention and control group students indicated that intervention students had significantly greater reductions in psychological distress, state anxiety, and perceived stress. They also…