The 594 studies referenced in this volume, the first of a two-volume set, synthesize reading comprehension research conducted from 1974 to 1984. The 12 chapters cover the following topics: (1) the necessity for both quantitative and qualitative meta-analysis for a complete state-of-the-art understanding of any domain, (2) the background of the…

This booklet is intended to help mainstreamed mentally retarded, emotionally disturbed, or learning disabled high school students acquire a basic understanding of the responsibilities and working conditions of cooks and to practice basic math skills necessary in the occupation. The first section provides a brief introduction to the occupation by…

This booklet is intended to help mainstreamed mentally retarded, emotionally disturbed, or learning disabled high school students acquire a basic understanding of the responsibilities and working conditions of receiving clerks and to practice basic math skills necessary in the occupation. The first section provides a brief introduction to the…

This booklet is intended to help mainstreamed mentally retarded, emotionally disturbed, or learning disabled high school students acquire a basic understanding of the responsibilities and working conditions of nurse aides/assistants and to practice basic math skills necessary in the occupation. The first section provides a brief introduction to…

A growing debate exists over the possibility that various types of external rewards may have negative effects on intrinsic motivation. Past research has produced conflicting results. The present study examines past research in light of behavioral principles and utilizes single-subject research methods to examine the potential effects of…

A study was conducted to (1) examine and evaluate existing vocational programs at the secondary level and to identify such programs or components of programs which appear to be meeting the needs of the learning disabled and the employer; and (2) share these findings with persons responsible for providing vocational education for learning disabled…

The theme of this conference defined reading as the process of creating meaning for all sensed stimuli; reading is a broad form of behavior, not limited to interacting with the written forms of human language. With this definition as a foundation, the articles in this bicentennial report develop a phrase taken from one of Thomas Jefferson's…

Some basic pattern-analyzing functions that occur during the reading process are described in this paper. The functions deal mainly with the analysis of typographical factors such as word shape, spacing, and orientation, but they also interact with contextual variables. The research interpreted in the paper proposes an attentional model of reading…

An exploration of specific deficits of learning disabled children, especially in the auditory system, is presented in this paper. Disorders of attention, perception, phonemic and visual discrimination, memory, and symbolization and conceptualization are considered. The paper develops several questions for teachers of learning disabled children to…

Local norms for the three scores of the Wide Range Achievement Test (WRAT)--reading, spelling, and arithmetic--were developed on the basis of 1,021 children in the age range of 5 through 7 and 83 more children aged 8 through 11 from a suburban school district near Seattle, Washington. In general, the local group was found to be superior to the…

Presented is an empirically oriented, data based program modification (DBPM) manual for individualizing educational plans for any child with a learning or behavioral problem. The rationale for an empirically based program, the socio-legal context, and specific measurement and evaluation procedures (e.g. time series procedures and discrepancy…

A revised form of the Scale of Children's Attitudes Toward Handicaps (SCATE), which provides a breakdown of attitudes toward specific disabilities, was administered to 332 children in grades 2 through 6. The SCATE was shown to be reliable. The ranking of most positive attitudes to least was: nonhandicapped, learning disabled, hearing impaired,…

The Deans' Grant Project at Southern Illinois University at Carbondale was planned to prepare regular classroom teachers to work in the mainstreamed environment. Materials and strategies for introducing knowledge and skills into the core sequence of teacher education courses were developed. This volume contains materials and information for two of…

This paper presents survey results of the attitudes and practices of elementary school board members in Ontario, Canada in relation to early identification of children's learning abilities and related intervention. A short questionnaire, intended to provide a global picture of early identification work being carried out was sent to all elementary…

A pilot study of handicapped students and the Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT) was designed to assess the concerns of handicapped students about the SAT, to identify problems specific to certain disabilities or common across disabilities, to alert the College Board and Educational Testing Service (ETS) about the findings, and to make recommendations…