A series of three experiments with suburban elementary students tested the facilitative effect of metaphors on children's ability to understand and remember what they read. In the first study, sixth grade students read two unfamiliar passages and were able to recall metaphoric structures better than literal paraphrases of the same information. In…

In a study of reading clinicians' collection and diagnosis procedures, three types of clinical agreement were examined: group agreement, intraclinician agreement, and interclinician agreement. Eight senior and respected practicing clinicians were involved in the study, which used simulated cases of reading problems based upon real cases. The…

The described inservice teacher education materials are for the use of kindergarten and first-grade teachers who are learning to teach Distar Reading I. In-depth information is given on the Distar Reading program. The scope and sequencing of topics for the program are described and ordering information given. A description of the activities and…

THIS JOURNAL PUBLISHED THREE TIMES A YEAR FOR THE IMPROVEMENT OF READING INSTRUCTION AT THE HIGH SCHOOL AND COLLEGE LEVELS CONTAINS ORIGINAL ARTICLES, REVIEWS OF ARTICLES, AND AN EDITORIAL SECTION OF BRIEF STATEMENTS OF IDEAS AND PROBLEMS RELEVANT TO READING AND LANGUAGE ARTS INSTRUCTION. THE SPRING 1968 ISSUE PRESENTS A DISCUSSION OF 10 WAYS…

FACTORS PERTAINING TO INFORMAL READING TESTS WERE ANALYZED. SUBJECTS WERE 100 EIGHTH GRADERS IN A JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL. THE MEDIAN NONVERBAL INTELLIGENCE TEST SCORE FOR THE GROUP WAS 116.37. THREE INFORMAL READING TESTS WERE ADMINISTERED -- THE INFORMAL READING INVENTORY, THE EXPERIMENTAL READING INVENTORY, AND THE BOTEL READING INVENTORY. THE…

Ways that reading evaluation programs can bring reading success to individual students are presented. Each chapter is written by an authority on one of the following topics: what evaluation is, who does it, and when it should be done; reading program goals as the basis for evaluation; informal techniques for assessing prereading behavior; use of…

Two studies used controlled exposure devices in attempts to improve braille reading. The three null hypotheses tested were that reading practice under controlled exposure does not increase reading rates, any increase will not be maintained, and no differences in comprehension occur because of practice. Subjects were selected by the Gates Basic…

The objectives of this study were to investigate the effect of four different reading programs on the decoding and comprehension skills of second and third graders. One reading program used a basal reading series which exercised little control over the grapheme-phoneme correspondences presented in the vocabulary. The second program used a basal…

This unit guide, seventh in a series of seven, is designed to provide eighth-grade social studies teachers with materials that develop the facts, attitudes, and concepts of social studies and that also present reading and study skills instruction. Information about the United States as a world leader is presented along with reading exercises in…

Understanding ideas, drawing inferences, and recognizing the author's organization and purpose are teachable comprehension skills. Prereading discussions can stimulate students to think before reading, to survey the material, and to raise questions which focus attention while reading. A study guide can develop comprehension through careful…

A view of skilled reading is suggested that emphasizes an intimate connection between coding and comprehension. It is suggested that skilled comprehension depends on a highly refined facility for generating and manipulating language codes, especially at the phonetic/articulatory level. The argument is developed that decoding expertise should be a…

Skilled reading depends upon a multiplicity of perceptual, linguistic, and cognitive processes; inadequate development of one or more of these processes may in turn lead to reading difficulty. This report considers some of the processes that may be especially problematic for the young reader. After an overview in which skilled reading is described…

This study discusses six specific strategies that teachers can use to improve elementary students' reading comprehension. First, teach the students to use context clues as one vital part of the decoding process, in order to improve comprehension. Second, increase students' depth of comprehension by triggering discussion of materials they have read…

Many instruments designed to assess reading comprehension reflect instructional tasks that have not clearly been shown to be a part of the process of comprehension. If the measurement instruments are to have construct validity, however, they must be created to reflect what we know about cognitive processing. Recent work in cognitive psychology has…

The classroom interaction model is a strategy to help both teachers and students with reading comprehension. It focuses on literary or informational work rather than on specific skills abstracted from the work or skills proposed by reading texts or curriculum guides. The interaction model indicates that interpretation, application, and…