In this paper, Simon describes contemporary information processing approaches to the study of learning and thinking, and discusses the relevance of these studies to the distinction between rote and meaningful learning. Before defining the basic terminology of information processing research, he provides a brief literature review, describing some…

This manual describes the LOGO system implemented for the PDP 11/45 at the MIT Artificial Intelligence Laboratory. The "system" includes a LOGO evaluator, a dedicated time-sharing system, and various special devices related to output such as robot turtles, tone generators, and cathode ray tube displays. (Author/SD)

This manual provides a brief description of the primitives in the computer language PDP 11 LOGO. It is intended to provide a quick reference for users who are familiar with the basics of the LOGO language. (Author/SD)

The study compared the relationships of more easily administered intelligence screening instruments with the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC) to determine the validity of the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test, the Slosson Intelligence Test, and the Raven Progressive Matrices among reading disabled children. The screening measures were…

In a speech to Australian and New Zealand teachers of the visually handicapped the author stresses the importance of educating deaf blind persons regardless of the severity of their handicaps, illustrating his point with three case histories. The deaf blind are viewed under the following five headings: the highly educable (who have college…

This report contains national estimates of the prevalence of selected congenital and early development health problems. It describes the relationship of selected aspects of family background, infant health status, and early developmental history to the intellectual development and maturity of noninstitutionalized children 6-11 years of age in the…

A new heuristic factorization scheme uses learning to improve the efficiency of determining the symbolic factorization of multivariable polynomials with interger coefficients and an arbitrary number of variables and terms. The factorization scheme makes extensive use of artificial intelligence techniques (e.g., model-building, learning, and…

The relationship between visual recognition memory and performance on a paired-associate task for good and poor readers was investigated. Subjects were three groups of 21, 21, and 22 children each, with mean IQ's of 98.2, 108.1, and 118.0, respectively. Three experimental tasks, individually administered to each subject, measured visual…

The language, intellectual, and social deficits of economically deprived children are the targets of a 4-year study designed to follow the educational progress of a group of deprived children from preschool through grade 3. This document reports on the preschool year, the first phase of the longitudinal study, which investigated whether or not…

The handbook is presented as a method for evaluating individual exceptional children and selecting the best program for their needs. Discussed are the responsibilities of state and local programs, methods of selection, local referral systems, arrangements for testing on the state and local level, procedures to be used by evaluators and the local…

Some of the major results of future goals of an automatic program synthesis project are described in the two papers that comprise this document. The first paper gives a detailed algorithm for synthesizing a computer program from a trace of its behavior. Since the algorithm involves a search, the length of time required to do the synthesis of…

A battery of 10 intelligence tests was administered to 22 subjects under standard conditions. After the testing session the degree of perceived similarity between 5 tests of the battery was to be estimated with regard to: (1) the kind of intellectual activity required by the tests, and (b) difficulty. Estimated qualitative similarity, according to…

The animistic beliefs of 40 schizophrenic children were compared with the beliefs of 40 normal children (age range for both groups from 11 to 15 years) in light of Jean Piaget's developmental stages of animistic thinking. Each S was tested individually on the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test and on whether each of 20 objects was animate.…

Pluralistic diagnosis is a set of developed procedures which attempts to take sociocultural background into account in assessing the meaning of scores on standardized measures. This approach has developed as an outgrowth of findings from an epidemiology of mental retardation which have been conducted in the city of Riverside, California, over the…

In view of the disproportionately large numbers of Mexican American children in special education classes, this position paper presents past and current research findings examining 2 hypothetical causes of the disproportion: discriminatory referral procedures and discriminatory clinical procedures. Examining 1 medium-sized California school…