Although literature on educational objectives dates back more than 50 years, the last 20 years have seen a renewal of interest in objectives. The taxonomy approach currently in use expresses objectives in terms that are evidenced by pupil behavior. This approach deals with objectives that relate to three separate domains of learning: Cognitive,…

An investigation was conducted to determine the magnitude and direction of the congruence of communicated expectations for teachers and students in the University City (Missouri) American Studies Program (an 11th grade history-literature, process oriented curriculum; (see SP 003 560) and for two conventional American history programs. A previous…

This paper presents a comparison of the effects of two pacing contingencies on the rate and accuracy of unit completion in commercially available social studies materials. A class of sixth grade pupils were used as subjects. When the pupils were allowed to proceed through the materials at their own pace (Self Paced), the mean number of units…

An analysis of the concept of motivation in learning situations and of factors related to it is presented. Part I of the book focuses upon basic principles of motivation, which is defined as the extent to which stimuli effect the presence or absence of a given behavior. Other concepts discussed include competing behaviors, reinforcement, and…

Twenty-two educable mentally retarded (EMR) and 41 mentally typical students, 7 to 13 years of age, in an inner city school setting, were observed for six 5-minute period sessions on a 12 category schedule and were given a sociometric test to determine whether specific classroom behaviors of EMR children are related to social rejection and whether…

Classroom behaviors of two male and two female teachers and 87 pupils were observed over a 3-month period. Attitudes of pupils toward teachers and school also were measured. Boys and girls did not differ on any observed behaviors, including attending, appropriate reading and writing, hand raising and inappropriate behaviors. Nevertheless, boys, as…

The Differentiated Child Behavior (DCB) Observational System has a two-fold purpose: first, it provides a description and analysis of patterns of classroom interactions in educational programs and program impact on children's functioning; and second, it provides feedback to supervisory staff so that analysis of programs contributes to…

Freedom in the classroom should concern the schools as much as the development of cognition and skills. Freedom has traditionally been regarded as something that the child already possesses or which will develop by itself. However, freedom is not a naturally developing property of man, but a delicate and fragile quality of mind and behavior which…

This study examines the effect of an instructional process using behavioral objectives and criterion evaluation upon the classroom behavior, academic achievement, and attitudes of 22 eighth-grade students identified by their mathematics teachers as being disruptive. The experimental design consists of four conditions: baseline, treatment, return…

This research assessed the relationship between the Self Perception in School (SPS) inventory and academic achievement, school behavior, and popularity of 656 primary-grade children in a suburban district. SPS was found to be significantly correlated with teachers' ratings of children's behavior and with reading achievement for four of the six…

To ascertain the effect of a preschool program on the behavior of migrant children the Pre-Kindergarten Scale (PKS) was completed by teachers and teacher aides. In order to analyze the resulting data it was necessary to construct and validate the trait measures obtained from the scale. A sample of the ratings on 144 migrant children, subjected to…

A study investigated the magnitude and direction of the congruence of communicated expectations for teachers and students in innovative and conventional programs. The three-part Watson Analysis Schedule (WAS) which measures explicit, actual, and realized expectations was administered to 525 students and teachers in American studies classes…

This study was conducted in an attempt to analyze selected aspects of the social milieu surrounding elementary school children. The relationship between the two techniques used in measuring this social environment was also of interest. Fourth and fifth grade students' affective reactions to the following stimuli on both techniques formed the data…

The present study grew out of interviews conducted as part of a 10 year longitudinal study conducted by the State University of New York at Buffalo (SUNY/B). Begun in 1966, this report is one of 50 which have been published and distributed to the university community in order to provide information about students' backgrounds, expectations,…

This annotated bibliography on bibliotherapy is an updated version of the 1967 International Reading Association publication of the same title. It contains 165 citations ranging in date from 1936 to 1970. Its subject, bibliotherapy, is based on the belief that individuals are affected by what they read and that materials selected especially for…