Background: Assessment of age-associated disorders has become increasingly important. Methods: In a clinical setting, people with intellectual disability with and without dementia were assessed retrospectively using the Neuropsychological Test Battery (NTB) and the Dementia Questionnaire for People with Learning Disabilities (DLD) at two different…

Episodic future thinking (EFT) has been suggested to underlie anticipatory pleasure (AP), itself known to play a crucial role in social functioning (SF). Both AP and SF are impaired in various clinical populations, including autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11DS). Therefore, the relationship between EFT, AP and SF…

This study aims to investigate the predictive validities of three different traffic psychological assessment systems used in Turkey (ART 2020, TRAFIKENT and Vienna Test System) by using systematic observation of driving behaviour in natural traffic settings. For this purpose, 176 drivers were evaluated by observers and then tested in three…

Students experience challenges when understanding visual information in multimedia learning. Specifically, immersive multimedia environments, such as virtual reality increase the likelihood that students undergo distractions in which information seeking during system-paced instruction occurred. Although previous studies have reviewed various cue…

Much of our everyday actions consist of several action steps, which are hierarchically structured. Yet, little is known about the development of the prediction of such complex actions in early childhood. The current work investigated the development of predicting means-end actions in 3- to 6-year-olds (N = 86) and an adult control group (N = 25).…

Student work is the primary means of learning in most if not all classroom lessons and the primary source of evidence about that learning. Yet research shows that many educators look at student work more to ascertain its correctness rather than to delve into what it reveals about students' thought processes and understanding. "Are you picking…

The purpose of this study was to explore questioning practice in Career and Technical Education classrooms in one Tennessee school district. Four research questions were formulated for this study which investigated relationships between the participant's background, course cluster and level, and quantity, type, function, and cognitive rigor level…

This study investigates what teachers believe to be the purpose of school curriculum, which is also called their curriculum orientation. Eisner and Vallance (1974) proposed five curriculum orientations and subsequent research has found that many teachers favor at least two or three orientations, not just one. There were three goals to this study.…

Lying is assumed to increase cognitive load, and it has been shown to slow response times to simple questions. We employed a dual-task methodology, the detection response task (DRT), to assess cognitive load in telling narrative lies in a live, open-question interview. The DRT requires participants to press a button in response to a tactile…

Two field studies tested the effect of alcohol intoxication on memory for a live interaction at immediate, delayed, and repeated testing. In Study 1 (N = 86), one researcher presented bar tenants with (misleading) questions regarding a preceding interaction with another researcher. One week later, participants' memory was tested again. Study 2…

Lying requires a long-term memory search and is a cognitive load task. Telling a spontaneous lie is associated with a higher cognitive load compared with the truth, although when memories are planned before telling a lie, the cognitive load can be less compared with the truth; therefore, telling a spontaneous lie could be associated with a higher…

Humans represent numbers on a mental number line with smaller numbers on the left and larger numbers on the right side. A left-to-right oriented spatial-numerical association, (SNA), has been demonstrated in animals and infants. However, the possibility that SNA is learnt by early exposure to caregivers' directional biases is still open. We…

Recognition memory judgments can be influenced by a variety of signals including fluency. Here, we investigated whether the neural correlates of memory illusions (i.e., misattribution of fluency to prior study) can be modulated by fluency context. Using a masked priming/recognition memory paradigm, we found memory illusions for low confidence…

In recent years, science education researchers have increasingly studied the ways in which students "make sense" of science. However, although researchers might all agree intuitively on what it looks like, the literature on sensemaking is theoretically fragmented. In this paper, we address this fragmentation by proposing a coherent…

This commentary reviews each of the three content chapters in the integers section and offers questions to promote further discussion. In addition to the themes raised in the three chapters, I introduce the role of formal mathematical structure in generalizing systems of number, from natural numbers to integers, and analogously, from real numbers…