Australian secondary students completed questionnaires on adolescent coping behavior. Found that older students used more self-blame and tension-reduction techniques than did younger students; young students used more work-related strategies than did older students; males reported using more physical recreation than did females; and females used…

Compared value of several theoretically derived personal (age and gender), educational (class standing and academic performance), and psychological (locus of control and vocational congruence) factors as predictors of undergraduates' (n=337) career maturity. Vocational congruence and academic performance emerged as two most significant predictors.…

Two studies investigated 4- to 7-year-olds' understanding that trait can be causal mechanisms based on desires or mere summaries of behavioral regularities. Results suggested that children change from viewing traits as behavioral regularities to understanding them as internal mediators and that advances in understanding desire underlie this…

A five-year follow-up of arithmetic calculation abilities of 10 low-income fourth graders with specific language impairment (SLI) involved comparisons with typically developing same age peers and with typically developing younger subjects. Results support evidence that children with SLI have difficulty with rote memory and document the…

Assessed changes in same race/sex and cross race/sex mutual friendship choices of 145 children in grades 1-3 and grades 4-6. Related sex and race changes in mutual friendship choices to the general social status of the children as indexed by number of mutual friends. Found that the proportion of same-sex and same-race friendships increased with…

Established the differential maturation of rapid-speaking durations and the durations of interword pauses in the memory-span-task responses of first, third and fifth graders. Found that a particular memory span is accompanied by different profiles of processing rates in children of different ages. (Author)

High school students (N=129) attending five state schools for the deaf responded to a questionnaire concerning their knowledge of AIDS. Results indicated that students had extremely limited core knowledge of AIDS and that AIDS-education programs for this population are urgently needed. (DB)

Twenty-nine children with learning disabilities (LD) in grades 2 and 4 through 7 were compared with children without LD for their development of proportional structures of thought. Significantly fewer children with LD had constructed second-order logical structures necessary to act on problems using multiplicative and preproportional reasoning.…

Uses qualitative methods to examine the similarities and differences in the meaning of aging for young and older adults. Results show that younger adults associate aging with major events in their lives and perceive aging negatively. By contrast, older adults associate aging with everyday events and they perceive aging positively. (Author/GCP)

Provides critical examination of research published during past ten years addressing Conduct Disorder (CD), Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD), and internalizing disorders. Concludes comorbidity varies with age, gender, informant, diagnostic criteria, and nature of the sample. Implications of comorbidity…

Explores the relationship between numbers and sexes of siblings and perceived rearing practices. Uses the Parental Bonding Instrument to rate responses of 1,145 pregnant Japanese women. Determines participants with more older sisters felt their parents were less caring; participants with more brothers, specifically younger, saw their parents as…

Examines first-, third-, and fifth-grade children's ability to hear two simultaneous melodies. Finds that older children identify two melodies faster and more accurately than do younger children, and that register and timbre combinations affect which melody is identified first. Notes implications for elementary music education. (DSK)

Examines answers supplied by 341 15- to 19-year-old Argentinian adolescents about their relationships with their parents. Argentinian findings coincide with findings from several developed countries. Parents are the most important persons in teenagers' lives. Although they disagree on issues involving school performance, timetables for outings,…

Two studies examined whether 4- to 8-year olds use social comparison (SC) for self-appraisal before temporal comparison (TC). Found that even 4-year olds rated themselves higher after doing better versus worse than another person and explained their ratings in terms of SC. Children in TC conditions attended only to their last outcomes; comparisons…

Investigated the relationship between young children's age and their recognition that helping or choosing not to help can cause feelings of pride or guilt. Found age differences in identifying helping-action or inaction as causes, but little support for the hypothesis that identification of guilt as a consequence of not helping would…