While it is reasonable to surmise that the vast majority of leaders, regardless of whether they are educators in the broad sense of that term, exercise their leadership in accord with sound ethical principles, the regular instances of exceptions to this rule highlight the importance of incorporating the study of ethics in leadership programs.…

Digital tools are not always used in the manner their designers had in mind. Therefore, it is not enough to assume that learning through CALL tools occurs in intended ways, if at all. We have studied the use of an enhanced word processor for writing essays in Swedish as a second language. The word processor contained natural language processing…

Supplemental small group reading instruction is frequently provided in the general education setting to struggling students at elementary schools that use response to intervention frameworks. Although building reading proficiency is the main focus of the intervention, students' learning-related behaviors should also be addressed to improve…

This study describes and analyses how coteaching affected undergraduate music education preservice teachers (PSTs). During an 8-week school placement, coteaching was used as a means of creating a reciprocal professional learning arrangement involving PSTs and primary school teachers. The theoretical framework draws on the Russian concept of…

What is formative assessment? Why do we do it and what do students gain? Formative assessment is not a one-time event. It is not the product or end result of a set of well-defined steps. Rather, formative assessment is a process identified in this resource as INFORMative assessment when it is a collection of strategies that engage teachers and…

Teacher Educator's questioning strategies are essential in maintaining the level of cognitive demand of tasks for preservice teachers' learning of mathematics for teaching. Classroom discourse has been known to maintain the level of cognitive demand of tasks. However, qualitative differences exist in the use of discourse. This study focuses on…

The present study investigated the development of inferencing in five to seven year old children. The subjects consisted of thirty typically developing children of five, six and seven years, distributed into three groups of ten. Four sets of material were prepared and for each two types of questions were constructed. The questions being of literal…

This paper outlines the use of item analysis to assist examiners in evaluating the quality and validity of their MCQ exam questions. The generation of item analysis, particularly discrimination index, has long been established practice in professional testing and credentialing organisations and some disciplines in tertiary education, but its use…

The authors combined content-driven and inquiry-based lessons into the framework of problem-based learning (PBL). They did this in eight third- through sixth-grade classrooms--two each from grades 3-5, one from sixth grade, and one mixed-grade special education. These older elementary students explored a local problem of lobsters infected by…

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a question-exploration routine and an associated graphic organizer on students' ability to think about and answer complex questions. Participants were 116 students of diverse abilities in seven 7th grade classes. The effects of the routine were compared with the effects of a traditional…

As a student teacher at Nottingham Trent University, the author explored the issues surrounding children asking investigable questions in science and the repertoire of strategies that could be employed by teachers in the classroom to support this process. His project was carried out in an inner-city primary school in Nottingham. The four focus…

Qualitative metasynthesis is an intentional and coherent approach to analyzing data across qualitative studies. It is a process that enables researchers to identify a specific research question and then search for, select, appraise, summarize, and combine qualitative evidence to address the research question. This process uses rigorous qualitative…

Developing shared understanding is essential to productive collaboration where a product is jointly constructed. This is especially true when the different collaborators' contributions need to build coherently on one another, as, for example, when making a story together. This study investigated whether encouraging children to engage in discussion…

In this study, we analyzed a selection of extensive inquiries into teaching and learning made by faculty who were participating in a year-long, substantial faculty development program by examining the questions they raised, their rationale, their methods, and their outcomes. Specifically, we explored how these faculty members understand relevance,…

Scholars who have taken interest in "Theaetetus'" educational theme argue that Plato contrasts an inferior, even dangerous, sophistic education to a superior, philosophical, Socratic education. I explore the contrasting exhortations, methods, ideals and epistemological foundations of Socratic and Protagorean education and suggest that Socrates'…