This cross-sectional study attempted to (1) demonstrate that children's sex role orientation is related to their tendency for Type A behavior and (2) ascertain whether children expressing Type A behavior would experience difficulty in making and keeping friends. Participants were 286 kindergarten children and elementary school students in the…

If it can be shown that social workers work differently with the elderly than with younger clients, then students who wish to work with the elderly should be taught some special principles regarding treatment of the elderly. To explore this issue, seven clinicians who had extensive experience in treating the elderly were interviewed regarding how…

While research has examined how age-related factors structure the probability of experiencing a particular event or suffering a particular kind of injury, one issue which has not been empirically addressed is the age structure of victimization from terrorist activity and civil strife. To explore the relationship between age and terrorist…

"Recidivism of Discharges from the Hawaii Youth Correctional Facility--1974 to 1978" (Zych, 1984) was a research project which examined characteristics of the recidivist as a juvenile, such as sex, commitment offense, and age at commitment. A study was undertaken to supplement that research project by examining additional variables…

The interplay between an infant's development and its family context during the early years has been studied in a longitudinal investigation. A total of 16 normal families having 1 child between 1 and 3 years of age and a newborn child were observed monthly in unstructured situations in their homes over a period of 2 years. When the youngest child…

This study assessed the ability of third, fifth, and seventh graders to learn a problem-solving heuristic scheme and apply it to grade-appropriate tasks. A framework was utilized that focused on metacognitive aspects of task performance such as planfulness, strategy selection, monitoring, and evaluation. It was expected that use of the scheme…

A total of 22 girls and 22 boys nearly equally divided between preschool and second-grade levels were asked to give three responses to each of 20 questions concerning what could make them--a same-sex child, an opposite-sex child, and an adult--feel happy, sad, angry, afraid, or surprised. Responses were feel happy, sad, angry, afraid, or…

Recognizing the salience of the family in middle and later life, researchers have recently shown increased interest in grandparenting. Population trends which suggest that grandparenting is an experience relevant to many individuals and families for longer periods of time than ever before emphasize the need to examine grandparenting as an…

The study addressed the question of the validity of the Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT) and the accompanying Student Descriptive Questionnaire (SDQ) in predicting first year college grades and student persistence through two years of college study for hearing impaired students. Two other sets of predictors, namely, demographic variables such as…

Two of the major topics treated in this report are the current prevalence of drug use among American high school seniors, and trends in use since 1975. Also reported are data on school grade of first use, trends in use at earlier grade levels, intensity of drug use, attitudes and beliefs among seniors concerning various types of drug use, and…

The effects of introducing a microcomputer into an elementary-school classroom were studied using a naturalistic paradigm. Initial questions investigated the impact of the microcomputer on children's behavior, interactions, and responses to available software; and on the teacher's role. Data were fathered through: weekly observation for 4 months;…

In comparing research conducted in the Netherlands and the United States on parental reports of child behavior, this document reports several studies in which Dutch parents of children ages 3 to 36 months completed a translated version of Bates' Infant Characteristics Questionnaire (ICQ). In the first part of the Dutch study, 7,000 parents…

In two phases, this study examined age-related changes in children's knowledge about two familiar domains and how these domains are organized in permanent memory. Forty 5-year-olds and 40 7-year-olds from a small academic community generated exemplars from the animal and cartoon character domains and provided information about sets of animals and…

Two experiments with 167 first-, third-, and fifth-grade children revealed age-related changes in the composition of natural categories. Categorization was investigated via perceptual similarities of objects and conceptual similarities of superordinate classes. The free-classification paradigm (Garner, 1974) was adapted to natural categories,…

Two studies are presented which investigate the influence of various toy structures on the frequency of individual fantasy play forms in 3- to 6-year-old children. In the first study, the effects of high-realistic/high-complexity and low-realistic/low-complexity toy structures were compared. There were significant main effects for the factor toy…