Investigation of the perception and production of English voiceless fricatives in normally developing monolingual 3- to 5-year-olds (N=12) partially supported the hypothesis that certain sound substitutions by older children are perceptually based substitutions, typified by poor discrimination, while others are phonetic substitutions--phonemic…

Examines the influence of teachers, age, sex, and race on the reading preferences of third, fourth, and fifth grade pupils. Concludes that the tested variables do explain differences, but that there are more similarities than differences. (RS)

Black children as a whole had higher rates of homicide deaths than White children, but the difference fades when socioeconomic status is taken into consideration, especially for older children. For children under 5 the leading cause of death was battering; for those over 5 the leading cause was firearms. (Author/BJV)

Outlines five student characteristics (age, expectations, ability, cognitive style, and affect) that may be important for examining computer materials and suggests how teachers and researchers can observe students' use of computer-assisted language learning to make appropriate instructional decisions. (Author/CB)

Investigates whether temperament is related to a child's initial reaction to peers in a nursery school setting and to changes over time. The central hypothesis that temperament is related to initial and later social behavior with peers is confirmed. (Author/BB)

A study examined social and personal factors affecting the decision process of Australian secondary school students choosing university study and the effects of student background factors in higher education participation generally. The complex patterns of factors operating differentially in the high school years are interpreted through…

Examination of 278 American adults on the Attitudes toward Women Scale revealed that females, younger people, and those of higher social status have more liberal attitudes than do males, older people, and those of lower social status. This supports the construct validity of the scale. (Author/BJV)

Collected normative data on 1,373 high school boys and girls in grades 9 through 12, on the Eating Attitudes Test (EAT) and the Eating Disorders Inventory (EDI), used to measure symptoms of eating disorders. Obtained significant sex, but not age, differences, and some racial and socioeconomic differences among the girls. (Author/KS)

Results of interviews with 173 younger and 163 middle-aged and older couples revealed that life strains were more closely linked to patterns of depressive symptoms in younger couples with strains tending to be greatest for couples in which both spouses reported depressive symptoms. (Author)

Reports on interplay between social and developmental processes in children's numerical understandings in working- and middle-class home settings. Methods included interviews with 78 children aged 2 1/2 and 4 1/2 years to assess their numerical understandings, interviews with the mothers about their children's everyday number activities, and…

Determined degree to which age bias in simulated personnel decisions can be reduced by varying one situational factor, age composition of applicant pool. To some extent, as number of older applicants in applicant pool increased, older applicants received more favorable ratings, and there was shift in perception of age-type of job. (Author/KS)

Identifies and discusses factors that affect the development of food preferences in preschool children, including familiarity, age, parents, peers, teachers, and programs designed to influence food habits. Makes recommendations to preschool and day care programs for creating an atmosphere conducive to trying new foods. (Author/DST)

Addressing methodological limitations, Study One compared parent-child interactions of normal and language-delayed children; Study Two investigated whether mothers adjust the length of their utterances to the child's ability to comprehend or to produce language; Study Three probed interactional variables associated with variations in the…

The relation of classroom experience to children's self-perceptions of ability, effort, and conduct was investigated in an observational study of 85 second and sixth graders. Findings suggest that children distinguish among different types of feedback and highlight the differential effects of feedback on achievement-related self-perceptions.…

To improve children's chances of early success, Chesterfield County, Virginia, piloted a junior kindergarten program for children of legal school age who are not developmentally ready for kindergarten. Designed to prevent early failure syndrome, this three-year program emphasizes accurate student placement, high teacher-student ratios, and…