Results from achievement and ability testing of about 150 Swedish urban children in third, fifth, and sixth grades were analyzed according to the children's physical maturity and social background. Social background played the main role in performance on the achievement and most of the mental ability tests. (MP)

To reduce confusion regarding reported effects of age on maximal exercise heart rate, a comprehensive review of the relevant English literature was conducted. Data on maximal heart rate after exercising with a bicycle, a treadmill, and after swimming were analyzed with regard to physical fitness and to age, sex, and racial differences. (Authors/PP)

The cognitive determinants of number series completion performance were studied by presenting a systematic set of problems to college adults and to average- and high-IQ elementary school children. In each group, a combination of process and content-knowledge variables accounted for more than 70 percent of the variance in solution difficulty.…

Studied the perceptions of college students (N=247) regarding male and female career development using a forced choice questionnaire. Significant sex, age, and commuter/resident differences were found. Most men agreed that men's attitudes about women's vocational roles influence women's choices, while most women disagreed. (JAC)

Studied occupational sex-role stereotyping among elementary school children (N=174). In addition to a questionnaire, students drew themselves in the occupation they would most likely choose. Results showed third graders agreed on three times as many occupations appropriate for both sexes as sixth graders. Most girls chose female occupations. (JAC)

Assessed parent education needs of secondary students (N=265) as a basis for the development of parent education programs. Data were collected by administering the Parent Information Inventory. Students expressed strongest needs in planning and decision making, parenting and adolescent social development. Significant sex and age differences were…

Compared the characteristics and needs of older college students (N=113) to traditional students (N=309) and described their counseling preferences. Survey results showed significant differences between the two groups, and stressed the need for evening counseling hours and phone contact for adult students. Career counselings was a concern of both…

Compared the educational aspirations, self-esteem and personal skills assessment of returning (N=39) and traditional (N=89) community college students. Results confirmed a positive relationship between educational aspirations and self-esteem in both groups. Personal skills assessment was not related to educational aspiration in returning students.…

Reviews literature on child abuse, wife beating, and incest, and examines social and psychological explanations of these problems. Argues that family violence must be considered in the context of power relations and sex and age inequalities. Suggests that research on family violence requires both qualitative, theoretical analysis and empirical…

Conducted a needs assessment of 261 students to assess career planning needs by class and to make program recommendations. Results showed 68 percent of the students reported little chance of changing majors. Freshmen and sophomores had more career planning needs. Career programs developed in response to these needs are described. (JAC)

Examines the perceptions of elementary school students regarding who among their fellow students are "better readers." Particular attention is given to the effects of differences in classroom organization, student age, and student ability on student perception. (MP)

Presents a model of mutual influences within the family which relates parental beliefs about developmental processes to parents' teaching practices. The model was tested by applying a path analysis to data on 120 families varying on number of children and educational level and age of parents. Results indicated differences between beliefs and…

The prevalence of alcohol use among students at colleges in New York State was studied, along with sociodemographic characteristics that tend to be associated with heavy or moderate drinking or abstension. The age at which a student took the first drink was the strongest predictor of alcohol consumption. (Authors/PP)

This study investigated whether a pattern for the development of motor ability could be discerned, using the same range of motor performance tests with boys and girls at 10 different age levels. Researchers did not find a pattern as clear as has emerged in personality and intelligence development. (PP)

Studied the perceptions, expectations, and attitudes toward aging among students of religion and their graduate counterparts by means of structured interviews. Results revealed students had more positive attitudes toward young than old people, relatively low gerontological knowledge, and negative biases toward the aged. (RC)