Examined evaluations by mothers, fathers, teachers, and friends and adolescent self-esteem. Results from 399 adolescents revealed that adolescents differed in their self-esteem with regard to sex and age: girls evaluated themselves more positively than did boys and younger adolescents more positively than older ones. Relative contribution of…

Sixty-five sexually abused children (ages 5-17) were administered the Children's Depression Inventory. Results indicated that older victims were more likely to describe themselves as being depressed and to report suicidal ideation, and those older victims with less compliant mothers were more likely to have scores above the 90th percentile.…

Describes a survey that was designed to gather information on the time-management practices of library directors in large public libraries. Highlights include delegation of authority, leadership styles relating to conflict resolution, a ranking of activities that waste time, the use of committees, and gender and age differences. (15 references)…

Infants of five, seven, and nine months were shown two video images on monitors placed side by side. Images were accompanied by a soundtrack that matched one of the images. Results indicated that age-related changes in infants' coordination of auditory and visual depth information took place between the ages of five and nine months. (SH)

The amount of social pretend play in free-play sessions of small groups of five to seven year olds, and the symbolic features of this play, were noted. Conservation, verbal symbol substitution, and role-playing skills, were assessed as measures of cognitive symbolic skill. Results provide no evidence that these social class differences reflect…

Examined differences in moral judgments as they relate to informational assumptions. Sixth graders, high school seniors, and college students evaluated events concerning welfare, justice, and rights and reevaluated them in light of the opposite information. The relation between evaluations and informational assumptions was significant within each…

This study of employment outcomes of 869 Illinois supported employees, primarily with mental retardation or mental illness, found that minority-status employees were younger, had higher intelligence quotients, and earned more wages per month than did nonminority supported employees. Few differences among minority subgroups (African American,…

Four experiments examined the possibility that second and fourth graders and college students are sensitive to inference constraint when they make causal inferences and assess their understanding of a story. Inference likelihood and understanding ratings varied with constraint for all ages. Results suggest that comprehension monitoring and text…

Subjects (n=180) equally divided by grade (second, fifth, college freshmen) and sex participated in study investigating dimension of outcome expectancy (school achievement, peer relations, teacher relations, personal satisfaction, negative side effects) that clients use in evaluating potential school-based treatment intervention. Outcome…

Examined interactive nature of age in predicting alcohol, marijuana, and drug use among 435 seventh and eleventh graders. Found statistically significant interaction terms for age with peer and social control factors for each type of usage. Findings suggest that many factors commonly associated with adolescent usage may be conditioned by age.…

A study of 13 14-month-old and 12 18-month-old children found that the younger infants relied more on gestures and fussing to express their physical wants, whereas the older infants relied more on vocal responses, especially when clarification of their wants was needed. (MDM)

Categorization responses of 6 and 11 year olds and adults to test stimuli were examined against predictions derived from 2 models that stressed prototypical features or information about exemplars. For six year olds, only the prototype model fit the data. For the two older groups, both models explained variance in performance. (PAM)

Conducted written and telephone interviews of minorities (94% African-American) in Alabama concerning AIDS-related knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors. Knowledge of AIDS transmission was relatively accurate and increased from 1988 to 1990. Compared responses by age and rural or urban residence. Discusses implications for educational and prevention…

Examined infant facial expressions at two, four, and six months of age during face-to-face play and a still-face interaction with their mothers. Contrary to differential emotions theory, at no age did proportions or durations of discrete and blended negative expressions differ; they also showed different patterns of developmental change. (MM)

Tested children's ability to compute perspectives from locational and structural descriptions of scenes. Children from 4 to 10 years of age were given perspective-taking problems that involved abstract multicomponent scenes; responses entailed the reconstruction of alternate views. Four-year olds were unsuccessful; 10-year olds were successful…