The first experiment made use of adjunct questions to manipulate the probability that kindergarten and second-grade children would make inferences during comprehension. The second investigated the relative influence of memory for details, memory for explicit information, and age on memory for inferences. (Author/RH)

Describes a continuous sequence of development of arithmetical and ratio reasoning capacity which very few students now attain in introductory science courses. Sequence progresses from verbal interpretation of ratio of two numbers, to arithmetical reasoning involving division, coupling arithmetical reasoning to graphical representation, and to…

Notes that while gifted students have characteristics that suggest superior reading ability, not all of them become capable readers. Proposes a teaching program that is different in content, method, and pacing to help these children reach their potential. (FL)

Robert D. Russell, the 1983 Association for the Advancement of Health Education scholar, comments on some of Delbert Oberteuffer's publications. (JMK)

This study assesses the School Health Curriculum Project's (SHCP) effect on fifth-grade students' (n=746) health knowledge level and their decision-making skills concerning cigarette smoking. No significant differences were found on the knowledge test, but analysis of all the decision-making variables revealed significant differences. (JMK)

Presents the results of an investigation of the cognitive and grammatical activities carried out by beginning and advanced college students during pauses in their writing. (HOD)

A model of subtraction development and the computing difficulties and research issues suggested by the model are outlined. Demands of simultaneous processes, difficulties with informal subtraction, and the impact on the counting-up procedure are discussed. (MNS)

Discusses four ways in which subtraction is more difficult than addition: (1) verbal solutions do not always parallel object solutions; (2) methods may interfere with each other; (3) special problems exist with subtraction on the number line; and (4) subtraction has multiple situational interpretations. (MNS)

Reviews research that analyzes the functional and structural characteristics of inner speech. Discusses the implications of this research for the teaching of an integrated language arts curriculum. (PD)

Explores the use of introspective writing by others as a means of understanding two characteristics of intrapersonal communication: the process of selective memory which defines and redefines personal history and the pattern of habitual thinking which confirms self-identity. Recommends the classroom use of memoirs and journals. (PD)

Discusses learning behaviors where the "picture superiority effect" (PSE) seems to be most effective in biology education. Also considers research methodology and suggests a new research model which allows a more direct examination of the strategies learners use when matching up picture and text in efforts to "understand"…

Examines word recognition through a research review indicating that words are only one of many units that are processed during reading. Discusses features that occur within words but retain significance only across text and explores some of the cuing systems of printed language used by beginning and skilled readers at both the word level and…

Uses findings from story grammar research to create guidelines to help students in writing book reports and describes applications of the guidelines as they were used in a second and a fifth grade classroom. (FL)

Concludes that intermediate grade students were better able to determine the meaning of unfamiliar words when (1) contextual clues were provided, (2) students were older, (3) the clues were in synonym rather than inference form, and (4) the contextual clues were closer to the unfamiliar words. (FL)

Discusses several definitions of protocols, methods of protocol collection and analysis, applications in current research, and the limitations of collecting protocols as a research method. (HOD)