Studies the performance of a novice Spanish student using a Computer-assisted language learning (CALL) system designed for vocabulary enlargement. Results indicate that introspective evidence may be used to validate performance data within a theoretical framework that characterizes the learning approach as "surface" or "deep." (25 references)…

Examined relationships among planning, attention, simultaneous, and successive (PASS) cognitive processing tasks for a sample of hearing-impaired students. Results demonstrated that the PASS model was supported for the sample of 96 students, age 8 to 16. Bolsters other exploratory factorial studies which have shown PASS tasks to be consistent with…

Twenty-five children with specific language impairment (SLI) and 25 children with normal language (NL) were presented with novel vocabulary and bound-morpheme learning tasks. SLI children had significantly lower vocabulary learning levels and less ability to generalize bound morphemes than NL children. Results support the storage/access but not…

Comments on revision of Piagetian theory of reciprocity in forgiveness by Enright (PS 522 365) in this issue. Reviews relationship of Enright theory to previous research. Suggests that forgiveness may require moral insights in addition to reciprocity, but reciprocity appears central to children's and adults' understanding of forgiveness. Provides…

This editorial proposes that the dependent variables that predict childhood intelligence quotient (IQ) from habituation and recognition memory assessments made during infancy may primarily reflect individual differences in rate of information processing. Inhibition may be a stable thread in mental development. (Author/SLD)

Application of the Social Cognition Intervention Program (SCIP) with deaf and hard of hearing adolescents is described. The program, based on experiential learning, is intrinsically rewarding, flexible, and enjoyable for students. The program uses games and activities that encourage students to evaluate personalities, emotions, behavior, and…

Investigates the reading comprehension skills of 34 college students, particularly the roles of basic reading processes and prior knowledge in understanding expository texts. Indicates that word identification and propositional encoding measures were related to individual differences in reading comprehension ability. (HB)

Five principles emerging from cognitive science research are as follows: (1) help students organize their knowledge with concept mapping; (2) build on what students already know; (3) facilitate information processing; (4) facilitate deep thinking; and (5) make thinking processes explicit. (SK)

A total of 42 kindergartners and 42 first graders received either metalevel or skill and drill instruction in phonemic awareness for 10 weeks. Results supported evidence that phonemic awareness is related to reading achievement. The metalevel form of instruction was strongly related to improvement in reading ability of first graders. (SH)

Fourteen undergraduate women (mean age 20) and 14 elderly women (mean age 70) executed a task requiring them to align a pointer with a target light in 5 positions. Elderly subjects had slower reaction and movement times. However, they were as capable as the younger women of correcting unanticipated movement errors. (SK)

Using a connectionist framework, it is possible to develop models exploring effects of biologically relevant variables on behavior. The ability of such models to explain schizophrenic behavior in terms of biological disturbances is considered, and computer models are presented that simulate normal and schizophrenic behavior in an attentional task.…

Two experiments explored the relationship between conceptual and procedural knowledge. Results revealed that fourth and sixth graders made computational errors even though they possessed conceptual knowledge. Fifth graders mastered conceptual knowledge before procedural knowledge. Results support the dynamic interaction theory. (BC)

Predictions of a model of instructional feedback were tested as 117 undergraduates read a text, rated certitudes, and received feedback at varying speeds. Results support the hypothesized relationship between certitude and the probability of correctly answering posttest questions, but not between certitude and durability (maintaining a response…

Six experiments involving 279 2- to 5-year-old children, 52 undergraduates, and 16 adults examined the interaction of perception and language in the development of magnitude marking of size, loudness, and achromatic color. Results suggest converging interactions between perception and language for size and loudness and antagonistic interactions…

Second and fifth graders participated in a study of the use of intraprogram synopses to improve comprehension of a television program. Central content recognition of second graders who saw synopses did not differ significantly from that of fifth graders. This indicates that intraprogram synopses offer promise as a method for improving young…