Responds to comments by peers who reviewed an earlier article written by the author. Focuses on three principal issues raised in the commentaries: the role of study of code switching in explaining stable mixed languages, the multiplicity of the linguistic processes through which mixed languages arise, and functional methodology. (Author/VWL)

Proposes an interactive model of vocabulary acquisition that accounts for acquisition of knowledge and the mental processes involved in vocabulary acquisition, emphasizing the characterization of mental processes more than any other aspects. The model, which can account for first or second languages, attempts to capture how vocabulary is…

A good question is one of the most important tools in a staff developer's repertoire. Questions that cause thinking can produce more learning than telling. This paper describes how to develop questioning skills using word banks and scaffolds. It explains why mediative questions are important and which mediative questions are the most valuable. (SM)

Reviews research on multiage classroom organization as an option for high-ability students. Studies of cognitive and affective factors have consistently shown positive effect sizes. Discusses conditions under which positive effects are most likely and explores multiage classes as an alternative for high-ability children. (Contains 85 references.)…

Investigates how 4 different information-processing goals, varying on the dimensions of effortful versus effortless and impression-driven versus non-impression-driven processing, and individual difference in political sophistication affect the depth at which undergraduate students process candidate information and their decision-making strategies.…

Analyzes open-ended interviews and written responses from 62 students in grades 3, 6, and 9 to a questionnaire to understand the characteristics of students' constructions of the concept of sample. Identifies six categories of construction in relation to the sophistication of developing concepts of sampling by illustrating helpful and unhelpful…

Reports results of experiments examining credibility of meta-information. Information provided by organizations of varying levels of credibility was used in decision making tasks. Effects were examined when there (1) was ample time and (2) were severe time constraints. Results confirmed that both source credibility and time influenced decisions,…

Investigated the emergence of class and propositional reasoning skills as a function of the developing ability to coordinate increasingly complex negation and affirmation operations with children from grades 1, 3, 5, and 7. Found that children's reasoning follows a logical development sequence and that different groups of items account for…

Presents a way to diagnose and solve motivation problems at work. Describes a model based on recent cognitive performance motivation research. Explains the CANE (Commitment And Necessary Effort) model and illustrates with a case study. Discusses the CANE model's applicability in any performance setting. (AEF)

Speeded performance on simple mental addition problems of 6- and 7-year-olds with and without mild mental retardation was modeled from a person perspective and an item perspective, both inferred from Siegler's work. Models from item response theory were used to test hypotheses. Found that all children follow same developmental path in acquiring…

Children from grades 2, 3, 4, 6, and 8 made speeded, bimanual parity (odd/even) judgments of numerals. Response times indicated that from fourth grade on, parity information was retrieved directly from memory. By grade 3, children represented magnitude information as a left-to-right number line which was accessed obligatorily and, by grades 6 and…

Finds positive correlations between metacognition (awareness and self-management) and success on reading comprehension tasks for a group of seventh-grade students (n=27). Also finds that 22 weeks of schooling with explicit reading strategy instruction significantly enhances students' metacognition and their abilities to comprehend science text…

Examines how secondary school students in Singapore construct knowledge through reading and understanding their science textbooks in an attempt to discover whether early or later pedagogic interventions in the learning process are more helpful. (Author/VWL)

When-questions are one of the last wh-questions produced by children learning English either as a first language (L1) or as a second language (L2). This article proposes a possible explanation based on internal linguistic factors, which suggest that in a when-question tense is a bound variable. Data collected by the National Center for Bilingual…

Describes the Creative Thinking in Technology (CTT) program in which creative thinking is presented as a synthesis between lateral thinking and vertical thinking. Analyzes student projects in light of this definition of creativity, and explores the role technology can play in developing students' higher order thinking skills. (Contains 37…